视线方向对自闭症儿童目光加工影响-effect of eye direction on eye processing of autistic children.docxVIP

摘要眼睛蕴涵丰富的非言语刺激信息，从他人的眼睛获得信息在人类的社交中起重要作用。眼睛的注视方向传递了社交双方丰富的心理状态，特别是目光接触指示了他人指向觉察者的兴趣和意图，有助于建立社交活动。与他人交往时，除了直接的目光对视外，对他人斜视目光的加工也影响着个体对社交信息的理解和判断。自闭症是一种以社交障碍为核心症状的神经发展障碍。目光接触行为异常是自闭症者社交障碍最重要的症状之一。已有研究表明，自闭症者对目光直视的面孔产生的皮肤电反应比对伴随斜视的面孔更强烈；但也有研究表明，同正常个体一样，自闭症者搜索直视目光比斜视目光更快。为了探讨视线朝向对自闭症儿童目光加工的影响，选取3—8岁自闭症儿童和年龄匹配的正常儿童各14名，让其观看30张视线朝向不同的面孔图片，采用眼动追踪技术采集被试的视觉加工指标；为了进一步确定面孔背景对自闭症儿童不同视线朝向的目光加工的影响，让其接着观看40张眼睛区域图片，以及40张概略式眼睛图片。结果表明：（1）相较于正常儿童，自闭症儿童显著更少观看和注视眼睛，但对嘴巴的观看时间和注视时间与正常儿童无差别。（2）面孔背景本身不影响自闭症儿童的目光加工，眼睛作为单独的社交刺激引起自闭症个体高度的生理唤醒，导致自闭症个体对目光的回避。（3）自闭症儿童对直视眼睛和斜视眼睛的觉察和加工模式不同，更慢觉察到直视眼睛，也更少观看和注视直视眼睛，但斜视角度不影响自闭症儿童的目光加工。（4）自闭症儿童的注视跟随能力存在损伤。（5）自闭症儿童的社交损伤越严重，对嘴巴区域的偏好越强，对眼睛和嘴巴的觉察时间也越长。自闭症儿童的言语损伤，与面孔、眼睛的观看时间成显著负相关。关键词自闭症目光加工视线朝向眼动AbstractSincetheeyescontainingrichnon-verbalstimulus,getinformationfromtheeyesofothersplaysamajorroleinthehumansocialactivities.Eyegazedirectionconveysmuchinformationabouttheinternalstatesofsocialpartners.Inparticular,mutualgazeisanimportantsignalofanother‘sinterestandintentionstowardstheperceiver;itservestoestablishacommunicativecontext.Exceptthedirectgazeprocessing,theavertedgazeprocessingalsoaffecttheunderstandandjudgmentofthesocialinformationinthesocialactivities.Autismisaneurodevelopmentaldisorderwiththesocialdisorderasthecoresymptoms.Atypicalprocessingofeyecontactisoneofthesignificantcharacteristicsofindividualswithautism.Theexistingresearcheshaveshown,inpersonwithautism,theresponsestostraightgazewerestrongerthanresponsestoavertedgaze;whereas,somehasshownthatAswiththetypicallydevelopingchildren,thechildrenwithautism,werefasterandmoreefficienttodetectdirectgazethanavertedgaze.Inordertoexplorethecharacteristicoftheautisticchildreninsensingandprocessingthegazedirection,thispaperhasselectedfourteenchildrenwithandwithoutautisticagedfromthreetoeightyears,andtheyweremadetowatchthirtyfacepictureswhichcontaindifferentdirectionofgazethroughtheeyetrackingtechnology;followtoexplorewetherthefacehasaffectedtheautismchildrentoexplorethedifferentdirectionofgaze,fortypicturestha