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- 2018-08-01 发布于上海
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室内自主移动机器人的定位分析-positioning analysis of indoor autonomous mobile robots
摘要定位是自主移动机器人的基本功能,也是移动机器人实现自主导航的关键,对于提高机器人自动化水平具有重要意义。论文对移动机器人的绝对定位技术进行了深入分析和系统研究。首先,论文将无线传感器网络引入移动机器人的研究中,提出了一种基于无线传感器网络ZigBee的定位方法,该方法类似于一个小型的卫星定位系统(GPS)。在不能或不宜使用卫星系统进行定位时,可以用该方法代替卫星系统对移动机器人进行定位。其次,在回顾和总结目前存在的移动机器人环境建模方法的基础上,本文提出了一种新的基于二维激光测距传感器的几何地图构建方法:即采用线段和特征点描述环境。对环境的特征提取方法进行了详细的阐述,从而建立了比较完整的环境地图。再次,在环境模型建立的基础上,论文提出一种基于完整线段匹配的定位算法:即基于完整线段的长度关系建立匹配假设,根据完整线段与特征点的相对位置关系对匹配假设进行评价,进而建立匹配矩阵和标志矩阵,根据匹配矩阵和标志矩阵,利用最佳匹配搜索算法搜索最佳匹配,基于最佳匹配,得到机器人的位姿。最后,论文将无线传感器网络ZigBee信息和激光测距传感器信息相融合,提出了室内移动机器人快速定位算法。利用无线传感器网络ZigBee实现移动机器人的粗略定位,然后从先验全局地图中抽取该位置邻近的参考地图,再与从激光测距传感器获取的信息中快速提取的环境特征进行匹配,根据匹配的环境特征实现机器人的精确定位。关键词自主移动机器人;定位;无线传感器网络;环境模型;激光测距传感器;匹配AbstractLocalizationisthebasicfunctionandthecriticalsteptowardsautonomousnavigationofautonomousmobilerobot.Itisofgreatsignificancetoimprovetheautomatizationlevel.Inthisdissertation,adeepanalysisandsystematicstudyoftechnologiesrelatedtothemobilerobot’sabsolutepositioningarecarriedon.Firstly,awirelesssensornetworksisintroducedintotheresearchofmobilerobot.ThispaperpresentsalocalizationmethodbasedontheZigBeewirelesssensornetworks.Thismethodissimilartoasmallglobalpositioningsystem(GPS),anditcanbeusedinplaceofsatellitesystemsformobilerobotlocalizationwhilewhichcannotorshouldnotbeused.Secondly,onthebasisofreviewandsummaryofmethodsonmobilerobotenvironmentalmodel,thispaperproposesanewgeometrymapbuildingapproachbasedontwo-dimensionallaserrangesensor,namely,linesegmentandfeaturepointareadoptedtodescribeenvironment.Themethodofenvironmentalfeatureextractionisdescribedindetailinordertobuildarelativelycompletemapoftheenvironment.Thirdly,thispaperpresentsalocalizationmethodonthebasisofcompletelinesegmentsmatchingwhentheenvironmentalmodelisestablished.Thepaperestablishesmatchassumptionsbasedonthelengthofcompletelinesegments,andevaluatesthematchassumptionsusingtherelativerelationshipsbetweencompletelinesegmentsandfeaturepointsinordertoestablishthematchmatrixandtheflagmatrix.Therobotposeisobtainedbasedonthebestmatchwhichissearchedaccordingtothematchmatrixandflag
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