井窖式移栽下不同覆盖物对烤烟生长发育及光合特性影响.docVIP

井窖式移栽下不同覆盖物对烤烟生长发育及光合特性的影响 　　摘 要：通过对比井窖式移栽下不同覆盖物处理对烤烟大田生育期不同气候条件下田间小气候的影响，以及对不同生育时期烤烟光合特性和农艺性状的影响，探寻烤烟生长阶段的最佳覆盖物。结果表明，地膜覆盖相较于无覆盖和稻草覆盖处理，能更好地积蓄热量，起到很好的保温作用，而稻草覆盖有平抑地温、减小穴内温度波动的作用；覆盖栽培能增强烤烟生长关键时期的光合特性，以稻草覆盖效果最佳；覆盖栽培相较于裸栽有效提高了株高、叶数和叶面积等指标。稻草覆盖对于生长后期烟叶的伸展起到了良好的效果。综合评价，采用稻草覆盖的处理更有助于烤烟的生长发育，值得在生产上推广使用。 　　关键词：烤烟；覆盖物；光合特性；田间小气候 　　中图分类号：S572 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.01.018 　　Abstract： To explore the best mulch in the flue-cured tobacco growth stage， this paper contrasted the effects of different mulch treatments under well-cellar style transplanting on field microclimate of flue-cured tobacco in different climatic conditions during field growing period and on the photosynthetic and agronomic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in different growth periods. The results showed that compared to the treatments of no mulching and straw mulching， plastic film mulching could save the heat better， playing a good role in heat preservation， while the straw mulching made a difference to stabilize the temperature and reduce the temperature fluctuation inside the cave. Mulching cultivation could enhance the photosynthetic characteristics of flue cured tobacco during the key growth period， having the best effects of straw mulching. Comparing with bare cultivation， mulching cultivation improved plant height， leaf number and leaf area. Straw mulching had a good effect on the extension of tobacco leaf in the late growth stage. Comprehensive evaluation， the use of straw mulching treatment is more conducive to the growth and the development of flue-cured tobacco， so it is worth to promote and use in production. 　　Key words： flue-cured tobacco； mulching； photosynthetic characteristics； filed microclimate 　　烟草是喜热作物，其在大田生育期最适温度为22～28 ℃[l]。我国大部分烟区烤烟移栽后由于气温偏低和水分供应不足使得烤烟不能早发，从而使得烤烟进入旺长期的时间推迟，不利于其干物质的积累和经济性状的形成[2-6]。张炜等[7]、樊芬[8]研究表明，采用井窖式移栽技术在一定程度上可提早烤烟的移栽期，使其大田期有所延长，也在一定程度上促进了烤烟的还苗和早发。 　　本试验在前人研究的基础上，采用井窖式移栽，加以不同的覆盖物，通过分析烤烟在大田生育期穴内温度变化、不同时期的农艺性状及光合特性的差异，筛选出较为适宜的覆盖方案，以期为湖