基于客户信用评级系统银行信贷管理分析.docVIP

基于客户信用评级系统银行信贷管理分析 　　摘要：我国的商业银行是吸收存款、发放贷款和从事其它中间业务，从而发挥社会信用基础作用的盈利性金融企业。由于商业银行的盈利主要来自于存贷款息差，所以对信贷业务的管理尤其是对公信贷业务的管理是银行经营管理和风险控制的首要任务。然而，当前中国尚未建立起与国际接轨的、现代化的金融制度，完全参照发达国家关于信用风险的管理办法显然不合适。鉴于此，如何利用信用评级系统规避信贷风险、如何根据评级结果筛选优质客户，就成为金融实践研究领域的一个重要课题。本文基于作者多年从事银行信贷工作的实践经验，对商业银行信贷管理的客户信用风险度量、信用评级环节展开考察，以期为商业银行的信贷业务管理提供重要参考。 　　Abstract： Commercial banks in China are profitable financial enterprises that absorb deposits， issue loans and engage in other intermediary businesses so as to give play to the social credit foundation role. Since commercial banks profits mainly come from deposit and loan spreads， the management of credit business， especially the management of public credit business， is the primary task of bank operation and management and risk control. However， at present， China has not yet established a modern financial system that is in line with the international standards and it is apparently not appropriate to refer completely to the management measures on credit risk in the developed countries. In view of this， how to use credit rating system to evade credit risk and how to screen high-quality clients according to rating results has become an important topic in the field of financial practice research. Based on the authors practical experience in bank credit work for many years， this paper examines the clients credit risk measurement and credit rating links of credit management in commercial banks in order to provide an important reference for the commercial banks credit business management. 　　?P键词：信用评级系统；信贷管理；商业银行 　　Key words： credit rating system；credit management；commercial bank 　　中图分类号：F832.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-4311（2018）06-0093-02 　　1 客户信用评级的内涵 　　信用评级（Credit Rating）又称资信评级、信贷评估，是指由专业的机构或部门，根据客观、公正、科学的原则，采用一定的方法，在对企业、债券发行者、金融机构等市场参与主体（本文统称为“客户”）的经营水平、财务状况、信贷记录、外部环境等诸多相关因素进行分析的基础上，就其信贷能力（主要指偿债能力和可偿债程度）所做出的综合评价。 　　对商业银行而言，信用评级是指商业银行利用定性、定量、数理统计等方法和规范化操作程序，在对客户经营的基本面进行了解、调研及考核的基础上，对其履行相关经济承诺的能力和违约可能性进行判断和评价，根据违约概率的大小进行等级划分，并在此基础上确定其授信方案和资产组合的一种商业管理活动。信用评级是商业