陈村客家方言“开”语法功能及跨方言比较-the grammatical function of.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE iii 但虚化程度还比较低，只能用于表未然的句子，不能直接位于动词后面表 动作的完成。 第二组“开”位于句末： “开 6”位于句末作为标记，有三种情况：（一）动作或事件重复的标 记；（二）动作或状态持续不变的标记；（三）表数量增加/程度加深的标记。 “开 7”位于否定祈使句句末，表示“先不要做某事，而须在完成另一 件事之后才能做”。 “开 8”位于句末，表勉强过得去的意义。 “开 9”为语气词，主要表达两种不同的语气：（一）表肯定、强调的 语气；（二）表超出意料语气。 第三章将陈村客家方言的“开”与广州话的“开”、一百年前新界一带 客家方言和博白岭坪村客家话的“开”以及其他方言中的“开”进行比较。 第四章将陈村客家话的“开”与普通话的“还”、广西汉语方言的“去” 进行比较。 第五章结语，对文章内容进行总结，指出本文的不足和今后的研究方 向。 关键词 客家方言 “开” 功能 跨方言比较 GRAMMAR FUNCTIONS OF H?I 开 IN CHENCUN VILLAGE HAKKA DIALECT AND ITS CROSS-DIALECT COMPARIONS ABSTRACT This paper studies h?i 开 ‘to apart’ in Hakka dialect spoken in Chencun Village, Luchuan, Guangxi, presenting comprehensively its syntactic and semantic functions in detail. H?i 开 in Chencun Hakka dialect is compared with h?i 开 in other varieties of Hakka dialects and words that have similar grammar functions in other dialects, aiming at figuring out characteristics of it. This paper consists of five chapters. Chapter One is Introduction. It briefly introduces geographical situation and language use in Chencun and previous studies on h?i 开 in Hakka dialects. It also shows research purposes, significance, sources of materials and research methods of this paper. Chapter Two discusses in detail the functions of h?i 开 in Chencun Hakka dialect. Grammar functions of h?i 开 can be divided into two groups in accordance with h?is location in the sentence. The first group are often seen in h?i 开 in the middle of sentences. H?i 开 1 is an ordinary verb with 13 ways of use. H?i 开 2 is resultative complements with three meanings: first, to be separated in motion events; second, to start another motion under a certain motion event; third, completion of a motion; forth, a metaphor of “clear and wide” in syntactic structure “V 开”. Additionally, h?i 开 2 in “（m?）V□?t2开” structure, the whole structure represents (cant) be able to do something. H?i 开 3 plays a grammar role of directional complement, indicating position-movement meaning while without specific point and direction