变频调速异步电动机的起动与运行特性分析-水利水电工程专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘要 变频调速异步电动机的起动与运行特性分析 摘 要 三相异步电动机在起动过程起动电流较大、起动转矩较大，过大的起动电流会在电 网中引起较大的电压降落，影响接在同一电网中电气设备的正常工作。本文以功率 1120kW 的笼型三相异步电动机为例，对电动机的起动和运行特性进行分析，为变频电 机的设计提供理论依据。 本文从电机基本理论出发，利用 MATLAB 编程语言绘制三相异步电动机的固有机 械特性曲线，以及改变定子电压和定子电阻时的机械特性曲线；分析转差率、转矩和转 速三者间的变化规律；利用三相异步电动机在 αβ0 三相静止坐标系和 dq0 两相旋转坐标 系下的数学模型，结合 MATLAB/SIMULINK 模型库建立定子电压、转子电压、磁链、 转矩模型，对三相异步电动机直接起动、定子串电阻和电抗起动、SPWM 变频起动进行 了仿真，通过对三相异步电动机三种起动方式的对比分析可知，电动机直接起动产生较 大的起动电流和起动转矩；串电阻和电抗起动虽能够限制起动电流和起动转矩，电阻和 电抗中消耗过多的电能；SPWM 变频起动能够有效约束起动电流和起动转矩，起动过程 比较平稳，电动机转速的平滑性较好。 本文还根据变频器供电方式下电机运行的现场数据，分析三相异步电动机的运行特 性。变频器输出的电流中含有谐波，产生畸变功率，使有功功率、无功功率、视在功率、 畸变功率之间满足四边形规则，畸变功率的存在使无功功率变大，视在功率和有功功率 之间的夹角变大，导致功率因数降低。通过回归分析确定运行频率和功率因数的变化规 律，利用显著性检验方法，验证了该规律的正确性。 关键词：变频调速；起动；MATLAB；运行；仿真 I 华北水利水电大学硕士学位论文 华北水利水电大学硕士学位论文 II FREQUENCY CONTROL OF ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR STARTING AND RUNNING CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS ABSTRACT Three-phase asynchronous motor starting current and starting torque is larger in the starting process, large starting current will cause a larger voltage drop in the power grid, the normal work of the electrical equipment in the same grid is affected. Based on 1120 kW squirrel-cage three-phase asynchronous motor as an example, analyzes the starting and running characteristics of the motor, as to provide theoretical basis for the design of variable frequency motor. This article embarks from the basic theory of the motor, using MATLAB programming language to draw the inherent mechanical characteristic curve of three-phase asynchronous motor, and the change of the stator voltage and stator resistance of mechanical characteristic curve; Analysis of the slip, the changing rule between torque and rotational speed; Using three-phase asynchronous motor mathematical model in αβ0 three-phase static coordinate system and dq0 two-phase rotating coordinate system, combined with MATLAB/Simulink model library, established the stator voltage, rotor voltage, magnetic chain and torque model, direct starting the three-phase asynchronous motor, the stator