评历史散文战国策文学价值.docVIP

评历史散文战国策文学价值 　　【Abstract】 Historical essays from the “inscriptions on oracle bones” stage, after inscriptions on bronze , zhouyi, shangshu to the writing of history prose Strategies of the Warring States period to illustrate the history of writing essays to the Strategies of the Warring States when you have reached the climax. The fundamental reason is that the rulers flourishing attach importance to sum up historical experience and lessons, from which a warning. Its contents were recorded at that time to persuade policymakers of princes, or the political ideas and tactics of struggle raised by each other during the debate ,its literary value of the highest in the history of prose works: First, vivid narrative, there are many dramatic and complete stories; second, style of writing was rich in literary talent and carved out a number of distinctive characteristics of characters; third ,it was theoretical debate, sharp language, incisive and eloquent; four ,it was good at using metaphor, exaggeration, fables, etc, to enhance the expression of the article results, directly affected the Biography History of the Han Dynasty literature, and set a shining example for the later literary description . 　　【Keywords】Historical essays;《Strategies of the Warring States》;The Literature Value of the Analects 　　先秦时期,文学与非文学的界线是不清楚的,当时的散文只能说是与韵文有区别的文体,基本上是政治、哲学、伦理一类的诸子散文和与历史有关的历史散文。历史散文的发端夏商时代的“甲骨卜辞”,可算得上最早的散文文体,因刻写困难,相对简单、概括、句子零散,不能看作文学,只能看作是历史散文的萌芽;商周盛行在青铜器上的“铭文”,特别是周代《毛公鼎》发展到498个字,这些铭文有时候出现四字一句的“散文”,具有文学的因素;周人用骨放在火上烤后所产生自然裂纹的卜筮并用的卦辞和爻辞已有了初步的描写,接近民歌,特别是后来成为儒家经典的《易》,描写细致、生动、运用比兴手法,已经具有文学的特征;《尚书》则标志着历史散文的正式形成;西周之后,各诸侯国都有了自己的史书,所谓“诸侯建邦、各有国史”(《文心雕龙#8226;史传》),到了战国,《国语》和《战国策》一类史书的出现,说明历史散文的写作已经达到一个高潮。而之前的《春秋》,是一部大事记性质的标题新闻式史书,简略,概括。如《郑伯克段于鄢》,在《春秋》中就只有一句:“前722年5月,郑伯克段于鄢”。而《战国策》较之,从文学的角度看,无论是文学形象,故事情节,说理论辩,修辞手法等都远远胜过《春秋》,它的成就也超过了《左传》和《国语》,是先秦时代历史散文发展的顶峰,它是继《国语》之后,又一部国别体的史料汇编,作者至今无法确定,多数学者认为,此书是战国和秦汉之间一些人杂采名诸侯国的官吏与诗史编写而成的,先后有《国策》、《国事》、《短长》、《事语》、《长书》、《修书》等名称,西汉成帝时,刘向整理此书,认为此书“乃战国时游士辅所用