魔芋飞粉干燥剂制备及性能研究.docVIP

魔芋飞粉干燥剂制备及性能研究 　　摘要：以干燥剂最大吸湿量为标准，优化魔芋飞粉、丙烯酸、水反应物、氢氧化钠的比例，并研究最佳配比制备的干燥剂与5种常用吸湿剂的复合效果，研究魔芋飞粉辐照接枝改性干燥剂的制备条件、干燥剂的吸湿性能及结构。结果表明，氢氧化钠与丙烯酸的最佳中和比例为120%，即32.10%NaOH体积30 mL。吸湿时间192 h内，在29%和97%相对湿度环境下、再生前干燥剂吸湿量分别达0.132、1.188 g/g，再生后的吸?窳糠直鹞?0.095 73、0.990 8 g/g。在29%和97%相对湿度环境下，平均吸湿速度分别为0.000 687 5、0.006 186 g/（g?h），在168 h后达到最大吸湿量。该干燥剂性能效果优于5种常用吸湿剂，与5种常用吸湿剂复合后均没有增加吸湿能力。经扫描电镜观察发现，冻干干燥剂呈现网孔的微观结构，复合后网孔拉长变扁。用魔芋飞粉制备的干燥剂具有良好的吸湿性能和再生能力。 　　关键词：魔芋飞粉；干燥剂；辐照改性；性能 　　中图分类号：S632.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）23-4568-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.23.038 　　Abstract： The preparation conditions and the desicant properties and structure of konjac fly ash were studied. The ratio of konjac fly ash，acrylic acid，water reactant and sodium hydroxide was optimized，and the composite effect of the best preparation of desiccant and five kinds of commonly used moisture absorbent was studied. The results showed that the best neutralization ratio of sodium hydroxide and acrylic acid is 120%. Under the relative humidity of 29% and 97%，the moisture absorption capacity of the desiccant was 0.132 g/g and 1.188 g/g. The regeneration absorption capacity was 0.095 73 g/g and 0.990 8 g/g. The absorption rates were 0.000 687 5 g/g?h and 0.006 186 g/g?h. The maximum moisture absorption reached after 168 h. The desicant performance is better than five commonly moisture absorbent，combined with which one the absorb ability is not released. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the desiccant showed mesh micro-structure and the mesh was elongated and flattened after regeneration. The desiccant prepared with konjac flour has good hygroscopicity and regeneration ability. 　　Key words： konjac fly powder； desiccant； graft modification； properties 　　干燥剂通过物理或化学方式将外界环境中的水气吸入并锁住，达到干燥防潮的目的。常用干燥剂主要有蒙脱石、活矿、硅胶、分子筛、氯化钙等。这些干燥剂在各自应用领域发挥重要作用，但也存在一定局限性[1-3]。分子筛、硅胶、蒙脱石、凹凸棒吸湿能力强、价格昂贵。另外，氯化钙在吸湿后会潮解严重，有强腐蚀作用，存在安全隐患[4]。目前，各行业对未来干燥剂的期望是高效、可降解和外形多样化，显然现有干燥剂难以满足。 　　魔芋飞粉是加工魔芋精粉时的副产物，主要来源于魔芋的表皮部分[5]。魔芋飞粉因含有异味而多被舍弃或用于制备猪饲料。但是其中的