上海市闸北区低年级小学生视力现状和分析.docVIP

上海市闸北区低年级小学生视力现状和分析 　　【摘要】目的 了解闸北区低年级小学生视力现状及学生家庭用眼卫生情况，为学生视力低下的防制提供依据。方法 随机整群抽取闸北区7所小学，将其1～3年级小学生全部纳入，共调查2598名学生。对学生进行视力检查，并采用问卷调查方式获取学生的家庭用眼卫生情况。结果 闸北区低年级小学生视力低下率为33.4%，其中男、女生视力低下率分别为31.5%、35.6%，一、二、三年级学生视力低下率分别为30.2%、31.3%、39.7%。视力低下以轻度为主，占72.5%。绝大部分学生平均每天在家做作业、看书时间超过1小时，仅32.8%的学生做作业、看书间隔休息时间在1小时以内。结论 闸北区小学生视力低下率持续上升，不良用眼卫生习惯普遍存在，应及早对低年级小学生进行用眼行为干预，早期预防近视发生。 　　【关键词】小学生；视力；行为 　　A survey on vision in low-grade pupils in shanghai Zhabei district 　　XU Wen-yan，WANG Xiang-dong， XIONG Jian-jing， et al. Shanghai Zhabei district center for disease control and prevention（200072），China 　　【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the present status of eyesight and the eye health at home of the low-grade pupils in Shanghai Zhabei district，and to provide the basis for eyesight protection. Methods Random cluster sampling was used to select 7 schools，then 1 to 3 grade with 2598 pupil s was all included into our investigation. Visual examination and questionnaires was applied to obtain pupils，vision and eye health at home. Results The low vision rate of low-grade pupils in primary schools in Zhabei district is 33.4%， of which the boys is 31.5%， the girls is 35.6，the Grade one， two ，three is 30.2%， 31.3% and 39.7% in turn， and mild low vision account for the most proportion with 72.5%. It take more than 1 hours per day for most pupils at home to do homework or read，and only 32.8% pupils can have a rest when doing homework or reading about an hour. Conclusion The low vision rate continues to rise，and the adverse eye health habits are prevalent in the pupils. Behavior intervention should be carried out as early as possible among low-grade pupils in terms of myopia prevention. 　　【Key words】 Pupil；Vision；Behavior 　　视力低下是学生常见病中患病率最高、危害学生最突出的健康问题。学生视力低下主要表现为近视，其中高达95%以上属于“疑似近视”[1]。近年来，在我国城市地区尤其是大中城市，学生视力低下检出率居高不下，均高于全国平均水平，成为了一个备受关注的公共卫生问题[2]。近视也是世界范围内儿童青少年的主要健康问题之一，近视不仅危害学生视力健康，也严重影响身心发展。为了解闸北区学生视力现状，我们于2012年3月开展了此次调查，以期为今后能更好的防制学生视力低下提供依据。 　　1 对象与方法 　　1.1对象：采用整群抽样方法在闸北区随机抽取了7所小学，将其1-