诸城烟田烟粉虱发生动态的研究初报.docVIP

诸城烟田烟粉虱发生动态的研究初报 　　摘 要：本研究对烟粉虱在诸城烟田的发生危害和垂直分布情况进行了调查。结果表明，烟粉虱成虫于当年5月底至6月初在田间开始零星发生；随着气温升高，粉虱种群数量逐渐上升，7月底时，种群数量达到高峰期；8月上旬，由于降雨、施药等因素，烟粉虱成虫数量出现明显下降；8月中旬至9月上旬温湿度条件仍然较适合于粉虱繁殖，田间种群数量仍较大。烟粉虱垂直分布情况为，烟粉虱成虫主要分布在上部叶片，其次为中部叶片，下部叶片分布最少；烟粉虱若虫从发生初期到7月中旬主要分布在中部叶片，从7月下旬到烟叶采收主要分布在上部叶片。该结果为了解烟粉虱发生危害并制定相应的防治措施具有重要借鉴意义。 　　关键词：诸城；烟田；烟粉虱；发生动态；垂直分布 　　中图分类号：S435.72文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）05-0102-03 　　Abstract The occurrence dynamics and vertical distribution of tobacco whitefly in Zhucheng tobacco area were investigated. The tobacco whitefly adults occurred sporadically from the end of May to the early of June. Then the population quantity rose gradually along with the temperature rising and reached the peak at the end of July. In early August， the tobacco whitefly adult quantity declined obviously due to rainfall and insecticide. The temperature and humidity conditions from the middle of August to the early of September were still suitable for the tobacco whitefly reproduction， thus the population quantity was still large. The vertical distribution of tobacco whitefly was that the adults mainly distributed on the upper leaves， followed by middle leaves， and the lower leaves had the least. The tobacco whitefly nymphs mainly distributed on the middle leaves from early stage to the middle of July， then on the upper leaves from the end of July to tobacco harvest. This results had a very important significance for understanding the occurrence dynamics of tobacco whitefly and formulating corresponding prevention measures. 　　Key words Zhucheng； Tobacco area； Tobacco whitefly； Occurrence dynamics； Vertical distribution 　　烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）属同翅目，粉虱科，小粉虱属，是烟草上的一种重要害虫[1]，其危害是刺吸烟叶及幼嫩部位的汁液影响植株正常生长，并分泌大量蜜露，诱发严重的煤污病，还能传播病毒病，严重影响烟叶产量和品质[2]。国内外学者对其发生规律、危害及防治方法等进行了研究[3～9]。目前烟粉虱在山东主要烟区普遍发生，尤其在临近村庄和冬暖式蔬菜大棚的烟田发生更为严重[10，11]，给烟草生产将造成极大威胁。为此，笔者调查了烟粉虱在诸城烟区的发生动态和在植株的垂直分布情况，为制定相应的防治措施提供依据。 　　1 材料与方法 　　1.1 烟粉虱发生动态调查 　　2015年5～9月在诸城烟草试验站进行。选取两块烟田，分别在试验站内和试验站外，每块面积约为700 m2，种植品种均为NC55。对烟田进行定点定株系统调查，采取5点取样法，