跟单信用证“表面相符”的审单标准研究-国际商务专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 信用证业务是一种纯粹的单据买卖，出口方能否顺利收回货款，取决于出口 方能否“相符交单”，即是否满足信用证的付款条件，而判断“相符”的标准依 赖于银行的审单行为。通过比较三大主流标准，银行审单会考虑申请人的利益而 倾向于镜像化的严格相符标准，但是这样的标准对于受益人来说是非常不公平 的。审单银行肆无忌惮地损害信用证的运作机制和受益人的利益，审单结果的直 接接受者受益人、信用证惯例的制定者国际商会、司法判例的裁决者法院等这些 参与者必然会对其采取一定制约措施。理论上分析，最好的结果就是这些制约因 素能很好地约束实务中银行选择镜像相符的倾向性。结合国际商会惯例和对于一 些咨询案件的意见，本文通过分析银行审单标准的不确定性可以看出，国际商会 倾向的审单标准为“表面相符”审单标准，即介于严格相符标准和实质相符标准 之间的，软化了的严格相符标准。 因此，本文通过对银行审单原则、审单标准的深度分析和探究，结合具体的 国际贸易实务案例，力求达到两个目的。第一，验证表面相符的审单原则以及软 化了的严格审单标准在银行，特别是我国银行实务中的广泛接受和适用。第二， 从实务角度，帮助受益人重新理解信用证及其审单标准和银行的拒付行为，从而 提出能够更好保护受益人自身利益的有用建议。 关键词：信用证，审单标准，表面相符，UCP600 Abstract L/C business is a kind of pure documents business, whether the exporter can get the payment smoothly depends on whether the exporter can meet the payment terms of L/C. By comparing the three mainstream standards of documents examination, the bank would take into account the interests of the applicant, the examination of documents and tend to choose strict compliance standard, but the standard is very unfair to the recipient. In order to protect the recipient’s interest, both ICC and related laws and practices have made some restricted rules. Theoretically speaking, the best result is that these factors can well constraint bank’s practice. Combined with the international chamber of commerce convention and for some consulting case, based on the analysis of the document examination standard with bank uncertainty can be seen that the tendency of the international chamber of commerce for the document examination standard with surface consistent, the document examination standard with that between and essence consistent standard with strict compliance, softened the standard with strict compliance. Therefore, this article through researching bank’s document examination principle, the depth of the document examination standard, and combined with the concrete practice of international trade case, strive to achieve two purposes. First, verify the surface consistent principles and softened the examination of doc