基于fluent的微型电动汽车车身造型与优化-机械工程专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 近些年来，随着能源问题的出现及人类环保意识的不断提高，燃油汽车被电动汽 车取代已经成为未来汽车发展的必然趋势。而空气动力学性能对电动车整车性能的影 响至关重要。本文以某微型电动汽车模型为研究对象，对其车身进行外流场数值分析， 并对其空气动力学性能进行优化，提高了操纵稳定性，降低了能耗。具体研究内容如 下： 1、利用 CATIA 的曲面造型模块建立整车车身模型，并用 HyperMesh 建立计算域 的流体网格模型。 2、应用 FLUENT 对整车及局部进行外流场数值分析，得到速度矢量图，表面压 力云图，湍流强度矢量图。对发动机盖外形进行优化，减小了整车的风阻系数。 3、在车身尾部顶端加装尾翼，对不同外形的两个尾翼模型计算结果进行对比， 分析其对车辆气动特性的不同影响。研究在正风和侧风条件下阻力、升力和侧向力的 相互作用和影响。保证气动阻力系数不升高，同时降低升力，减小涡流范围。 4、加装扰流板，减小车身尾部涡流范围和能量，改善车身尾部泥土上卷情况。 通过对原始模型的分析和优化，最终模型得到的气动阻力系数为 0.32，升力系数 为-0.02，降低了汽车受到的侧向力，提高了该车的气动性能。 关键字：微型电动汽车 数值分析 气动阻力系数 升力系数 压力云图 I ABSTRACT In recent years ， with advance of energy issues and the human continually strengthening of environmental awareness ， electric vehicles replacing fuel vehicles has become a trend of the future automotive development. The aerodynamic performance has crucial influence on the performance of electric vehicles This paper make external flow field numerical analysis of the car body. Optimize the aerodynamic characteristics of the car， drag coefficient and lift coefficient is reduced， handling stability is improved and energy consumption is decreased. Use CATIA surface modeling module ， establish the car body model and use HyperMesh establishing fluid mesh of CFD. Make analysis of external flow field of the whole car and the local by FLUENT. Obtain the velocity vectors，surface pressure contours， and turbulence intensity vectors. The shape of the engine hood is optimized，decreased the drag coefficient of the car. Install the tail fin on the top of rear body. Compare the impact of the aerodynamic characteristics by tail fins in different shape. Study the interaction and influence between resistance ， lift and lateral forces under straight-wind and the crosswind conditions. Guarantee the reducing of lift coefficient meanwhile aerodynamic drag coefficient is not rise and reduce the range of eddy current. Equip the spoiler to reduce the range and the energy of eddy current and Through the analysis and optimizing of