刚性球对简支梁次碰撞特性实验及数值仿真研究固体力学专业论文.docxVIP

硕士学位论文 硕士学位论文 刚性球对简支梁次碰撞特性实验及数值仿真研究 摘 要 1IIIIII II IIII II II II III Y3046074 碰撞是机械系统的运动状态在一个极短的时间内发生突然变化的现象，高分辨率下 单个碰撞过程可能包含若干个次碰撞，并涉及冲击载荷作用下的弹塑性变形。对于次碰 撞的研究一直处于边缘地位，尚不充分。本文就刚性球对简支边界条件下的弹塑性钢梁 的次碰撞过程展开实验和数值仿真研究。借助实验平台获取刚性球和弹塑性简支钢梁碰 撞过程中的接触时间、反弹速度、应变等信号。采用三维有限元方法，利用PRO—E和 Hypermesh等软件建立完整尺寸的数值碰撞模型，在Ls—Dyna环境下模拟刚性球对简支 边界条件下的弹塑性钢梁的次碰撞过程。将有限元仿真结果与实验结果放在一起分析， 验证数值模型与实验系统的一致性和仿真过程的可靠性。对碰撞的分析通常采用恢复系 数作为一个指标来衡量碰撞过程中机械能的损耗，在有限元数值模型能够获得可靠、准 确的模拟结果后，采用数值方法研究了刚性球对弹塑性简支钢梁的次碰撞恢复系数。通 过对实验和有限元模型的研究，我们能够更为细致地透析碰撞过程，理解碰撞机理。 关键词：次碰撞，弹塑性梁，实验设计，数值仿真，恢复系数 万方数据 Abstract Abstract 硕士学位论文 Abstract Impact is the sudden changes of the motion state of the system which happens in very short time．The process of common impact may contain several collisions under high resolution along with the elastic—plastic deformation due to the impact load吨．So far sub-impact is not well understood,which has been placed in a marginal position for a very long time．In the present paper,a numerical method is used to discuss the problem of the transverse impact of rigid sphere on a simple supported elastic—plastic steel beam,combined with experiments measuring the signals of contact time，impact stresses and strains． Three-dimensional fmite element method is used to establish a complete numerical model through Pro—E and Hypermesh．The results of the impact process are calculated by Ls—Dyna． The FEM and experiment results agree very well to indicate the numerical model’S reliability and homogeneity．The coefficient of restitution measures the collision energy loss：the difference between the work done to compress the bodies and the work done by the release of strain energy during restitution．The coefficient of restitutio