埃及马木路克王朝军事制度研究世界史专业论文.docxVIP

分，拥有特权地位；二是埃米尔的马木路克，因过分注重其在政治斗 分，拥有特权地位；二是埃米尔的马木路克，因过分注重其在政治斗 争上的作用，而忽视了其军事上的作用；三是哈勒嘎兵团，这是一个 非马木路克军事组织，主要是由马木路克、埃米尔和苏丹的儿子组成， 初期地位较高，但到马木路克王朝末期，其生活奢侈，走向衰落。 埃及马木路克军队的军官主要分为三个等级即统领千人的埃米 尔、统领四十人的埃米尔和统领十人的埃米尔。此外还有统领五人的 埃米尔。而主要的军官职位却有很多，本文简要介绍了将近20个军 官职位，但是需要强调的是，马木路克军队的军官职位不是一成不变， 随着统治者的更替，军官职位也会发生很大的变化。作为一个军事奴 隶王朝的强大军事力量，需要的是强有力的经济作后盾，为此，马木 路克王朝的统治者制定了马木路克薪资体系，按照这一体系为马木路 克王朝军队的成员发放薪资及其所需要的军事装备，并且要维护其正 常的家庭生活。正是因为有着如此完善的军队制度，才使得马木路克 王朝的军队在战争中所向披靡，顽强抗击法兰克人发动的十字军、抵 御成吉思汗的蒙古铁蹄，为了本国的经济贸易发展，除维护本国已有 的经济要塞之外，还努力开拓海外贸易路线。这些无论出于军事战略 的原因还是经济发展的原因而进行的远征，都是以其强有力的军队为 基础，它也同时使得马木路克王朝成为伊斯兰世界的霸权中心，活跃 在世界政治舞台上。 关键词：埃及，马木路克，军事制度 Ⅱ AbstractsThe Abstracts The Mamuluk Dynasty,which rose in Islamic world in the 1 3‘h century,is one administered by military slaves．Slaves，namely mamuluks， the major component units of the Dynasty,have a special status in this country．They are slaves of the rulers，but unlike slaves in Chinese traditional sense，exploited brutally and oppressed cruelly by the rulers and always being in the lowest class of society．Mamuluks enjoy many privileges，including raising their status through their own efforts and becoming important officials of the Dynasty or possibly even the supreme ruler--Sultan． These mamuluks are not from Egypt，but purchased by the rulers from the north of the Black Sea and Caucasus region．They are organized thereafter into military schools of the Mamuluk Dynasty,where they are required to learn doctrine of the Koran for strengthening belief in loyalty to their masters and also basic military skills a solider must grasp． Besides，someone is needed to master tactics and array skills，etc．After passing the inspection of their owners，these mamuluks will tum into free men from their original slavery and be allocated horses and weapons． Thereafter,they are organized into various troops to serve for the masters． The disconnected connection with their own peoples caused by being far m away away from home，together with indoctrination of belief in loyalty,makes