生产与运作管理 9 独立需求库存控制.pdf

生产与运作管理 Production and Operations Management 9 独立需求库存控制 9.1 库存 9.2 库存问题的基本模型 9.3 随机型库存问题 © Cao Min Hangzhou, 2010/9/4 Nr. 1 生产与运作管理 Production and Operations Management 9.1 库存(Inventory control ) • 库存（Inventory ）的定义 Inventory is the stock of any item or resource used in an organization. – 狭义定义：仓库里存放东西 – 广义定义：库存是为了满足未来需要而暂时闲置的资源，闲置的资源就 是库存，与这种资源是否存放在仓库中没有关系，是否处于运动状态也 没有关系。 • The fundamental problem of inventory management : – When to place order for replenishing the stock ? – How much to order? © Cao Min Hangzhou, 2010/9/4 Nr. 2 生产与运作管理 Production and Operations Management 库存的作用 • Why Hold Inventories? – For economies of scale • 缩短订货提前期 • It may be economical to produce a relatively large number of items in each • 稳定作用 production run and store them for future use. – Coping with uncertainties • 分摊订货费用 • Uncertainty in demand • 防止短缺 • Uncertainty in lead time • 防止中断 • Uncertainty in supply – For speculation • Purchase large quantities at current low prices and store them for future use. • Cope with labor strike – Transportation