课件：血脂基础知识11-.ppt

* Figure 3?Traditional risk factors include age, male sex, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. More recently identified risk factors include obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. KW: CHD, risk factor, obesity, diabetes, BP, smoke, lipid * * Figure 10?Monocytes penetrate the intima and are transformed into macrophages and eventually cholesterol-rich foam cells. These activated macrophages scavenge and ingest oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the subendothelial space. The progressive accumulation of lipids (intra- and extracellular) forms the fatty streak. KW: artery, arterial wall, atherogenesis, foam cell, fatty streak, plaque, macrophage, monocyte, modified LDL * Figure 22?Excessive atherogenic lipoproteins penetrate the intima from the bloodstream and are oxidized by free radicals in the subendothelium. oxidized LDL induces formation of adhesion molecules on the cell surface of the endothelium; monocytes are ‘captured’ from the bloodstream by adhesion molecules and enter the subendothelial space; monocytes penetrate the intima and differentiate into macrophages which bind and absorb oxidized LDL via the non-regulated scavenger receptor. As macrophages accumulate cholesterol esters (CEs) they transform into foam cells. KW: atherogenesis, macrophage, inflammation, lipid core, lipids, modified LDL, scavenger receptor * Figure 11?The growing fatty streak eventually forms the lipid core, which becomes isolated by the progressive formation of a fibrous cap. The fibrous cap contains collagen, proteoglycans and activated smooth muscle cells. The sturdier the cap, the less likelihood there is of plaque rupture. KW: artery, arterial wall, atherogenesis, foam cell, fatty streak, plaque, macrophage, modified LDL, fibrous cap, collagen * Figure 13?The key event in transformation of a stable plaque to an unstable plaque is rupture, which results in either partial or complete occlusive thrombosis. KW: artery, arterial wall, atherogenesis, plaque,