lecture 2 英汉互译教程.ppt

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A brief introduction to Chinese Translation History and Tradition ~ lecture 2 ~ 1.Translation of Buddhist scriptures (p.34) The first wave of translation activities in China came in the wake of the spread of Buddhism. By the mid second-century AD, the first Chinese translations of Buddhist sutras had been undertaken. This marked the beginning of a massive translation movement, often sponsored by the government, which lasted for nine centuries. Translation of Buddhist scriptures Given the time span and the number of the translators involved, translation methods and approaches didn’t remain static; even the cultural and linguistic background of the translators changed considerably over the centuries. Translation of Buddhist scriptures The translation of Buddhist sutras from Sanskrit into Chinese can be divided roughly into three phases: Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms Period (c.148-265); Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties (c.265-589); and Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty (c.589-1100). The first phase (1). During the first phase, the translators were monks from central Asia and Xinjiang; the majority were respected for their religious knowledge, but their command of Chinese was very poor. Monks like Parthamasiris(安世高) from Parthia (the first translator of Buddhist sutras into Chinese), said to have achieved a fair command of Chinese not long after his arrival in the country, were few and far between. This linguistic disadvantage is reflected in the translations produced during this period: although the foreign monks had the assistance of their Chinese pupils or counterparts, many of the translations still read awkwardly. The first phase The early translation method reflected the strength and weakness of these translators, as well as the emphasis placed on theological accuracy. Translation Forums, or Yichang, were set up, with a highly revered Buddhist monk as Chief Translator (yizhu) The foreign monk’s tas

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