施奈德存在主义心理学及其心理治疗观-基础心理学专业论文.docxVIP

施亲德存在主义心理学及其心理治疗观Abastract 施亲德存在主义心理学及其心理治疗观 Abastract Kirk J．Schneider is founding member of American Existential Homanistic Institute．He is regardod the leading spokesperson for contemporary humanistic psychology．The study of his theory make understand and hold the trends and direction of existential psychologY in America． The existentialism and Romaniem consistent both in opposing the rationalism and the empiricism，Schneider’s idea that the psychology should return to the Romaninm is enlargement of existential psychology and response to the ∞pbasis of positivism．In this view,Schneider argues that psychology should the method that combines both qualitatire and quantitative research，talces people’s life world the subject matter，and pays special attention to the existence and its significance of human being． In addition，Schneider proposed to build awe—based psychology．He believes it the starting point to show in life．The awe-based psychology is not satisfied with the behavioral and cognitive explanation。but requires the exploration of the whole person and the whole matter．Schneider advocated concept“the fluid center”，in order to describer the special cognitive mode inside the awe，which embodies an existential status of human beings both confined by experience(that is，the center)and devoted to the exploration into the unknown(the fluid)． Confronting many psychotherapeutic methods in the world today， Schneider regarded the existence its core，and tried to integrate perspectires of different schools in psychology and psychotherapy．His integrative model portrays that human experience be understood in terms of six levels of existence：the physiological： the environmental：the cognitive：the psychosexual：the interpersonal and the experiential．These levels of consciousness，from outer to inner circles，reflect the degrees to which freedom could develop with the ever’’deepening of each level． Different level corrcspends to different methods of psychotherapy．This integrativ