论违约金责任的适用-法律专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 根据契约自由原则，当事人可以对违约金责任作出约定。违约金作 为当事人自行约定的一种重要违约责任形式，对维护合同的严肃 性，促进商品交易有着重要的作用。但我国现有相关法律法规及 司法解释对违约金责任的诸多问题，规定得较为笼统。由于缺乏 明确而详尽的规范，审判人员、仲裁人员在处理违约责任问题上， 往往无所适从，如在违约金数额的增减上应掌握什么样的标准， 增减的幅度如何控制，操作起来较为困难，从而导致司法实践中 违约责任适用上的混乱，不但对当事人的合法权益保护不当，而 且有违合同法的基本原理和立法精神。本文从违约金的基本法律 属性着手，分析了作为违约责任形式之一的违约金责任的特征和 种类，对违约金的补偿性和惩罚性进行了分析，探讨了违约金是 否具有担保属性。全文重点论述了违约金责任的适用问题，认为 违约金责任的成立除须具备违约行为和违约金约定有效性两要件 外，特定情况下还应考虑违约方的主观过错。违约金责任的归责 原则应视不同的违约行为分别适用过错责任原则或严格责任原 则。在确定当事人应具体承担违约金责任时，基于违约金责任的 预先约定这一特点，结合合同法的公平原则考虑，认为在违约金 数额的确定上国家有干预的必要，同时论证了约定的违约金数额 过高或过低时，国家进行干预的理论依据和干预的方式、幅度。 另外也探讨了违约金责任与其他几种主要的违约责任形式如损害 赔偿责任、违约定金责任、实际履行等的并存时的处理问题。总 之，该文从立法及司法的角度对违约金责任作了理论上的论证， 并就违约金责任适用的相关法律规定提出了完善建议，旨在使当 事人的合法权益得以维护，使合同的自由、公平、诚实信用原则 得以坚守。 关键词：违约责任 违约金 损害赔偿 AbstractAccording Abstract According to freedom of contract doctrine，parties Call make agreement on the liability for．1iquidated damages．As an important form of liabilities for breach of contract stipulated by parties themselves，liquidated damages have great functions in safeguarding seriousness of contract and promoting merchandize transactions． However the current related laws and regulations and judicial interpretations of our country have stipulated on so many problems of liability for liquidated damages at large．Due to lack of definite and detailed provisions，judges and arbitrators always don’t know what to follow with when dealing with the problem of liabilities for breach of contract，such as what standards they shall control in the increase or reduce of sum of liability for liquidated damages，how to control the scope of increase or reduce，which makes it difficult to operate and therefore leads to the confusion in application of llabilities fur breach of contract in judicial practice，SO which is not only unfavorable to protect lawful interests of parties but also violates the basic principle and legislative spirit of contract law．This dissertation starts with the basic legal nature of liquidated damages，analyzes the characteristics and types of