理想目标与现实制约略论儒家教育理念与古代传统教育制度的矛盾.docVIP

理想目标与现实制约 ——略论儒家教育理念与古代传统教育制度的矛盾 Ideal Goal and Reality Restriction:The Contradiction between the Confucian Educational Idea and the Ancient Traditional Educational System 作者： 俞启定 作者简介： 俞启定（1948-）,男，湖南人，北京师范大学教育学部教 授，教育学博士，主要从事教育史和职业技术教育学研究， E-mail :yuqd@bnu. cdu. cno 北京 100875 原文出处： 《教育学报》（京）2017年第20174期 第105-111页 内容提要： 中国古代教育的主体就是儒学教育，儒家思想与古代教育 实施应是相辅相成、协调一致，然而在教育目的、内容和 方式方法等各个主要方面，儒家的主张与古代传统教育制 度又多有碰撞而难以充分贯彻。儒家教育理念与封建教育 制度存在矛盾的原因，体现在人才标准、用人取向、选才 的n的和方式以及对教学的导向等方面。儒家推崇道德至 上、修身为本的教育理念与古代教育服务于选士（即选拔官 员后备队伍）及士人学而优则仕的学习动因z间所导致的矛 盾，一是表现在处理学与仕、修己与治人的关系上，二是 表现在处理德与才、学问与举业的取向上，三是表现在因 材施教、启发思维与整齐划一、熟读死记的对立上，四是 体现在师生关系的变质上。 Confucianism,the main part of education in ancient China, is expected to be consistent with the ancicnt education implcmcntation. However, there was contradiction between the two in terms of purpose,content and method of education, which made it difficult to fully implement Confucian ideas in ancient cducation.The reasons for this lie in the difference in the standards for talentcd people, employing orientatiorepurpose and methods of talent selection,as well as guidance to teaching. Confucianism advocated moral supremacy and self-cultivation, while the ancient education served to cultivate future government officials. Their conflicts were embodied in the following aspects:(1) dealing with the relationship between pursuing ones studies and gaining official position, selfcultivation and ruling other people; (2) the balance between virtue and talent, academic progress and career achievements; (3) opposing educational principles such as tcaching students according to their aptitude and inspiring their thinking,or the pursuit of standardization and rote learning; and (4) deterioration of tcachcr-studcnt relationship. 期刊名称：《教育学》 复印期号：2018年01期 关键词： 儒家/教育理念/古代教育制度/矛盾/理想/现实 /Confucianism/educational idea/ancient educational system/contradiction/ideal/reality 中图分类号：G40-09文献标识码:A文章编号：1673-1298(201刀0牛0105? 07 自汉武帝推明孔氏，抑黜百家，立学校之官[1]237 ,直至清末，儒家学说 始终是历代王朝的官方意识形态。在教育领