毕业论文--地震灾害对人员伤害及救援对策研究.docVIP

毕业论文（设计） 题目 地震灾害对人员伤害及救援对策研究 学 号 姓 名 系 队 专 业 指导教师 二○○八年六月  本科毕业论文（设计） - PAGE III - 摘 要 地震灾害是人类面临的一项无法回避和准确预报的重大自然灾害，它曾经给人类带来过巨大的灾难。据有关统计表明我国是地震受灾最严重的国家之一。如1976年7月河北唐山7.8级地震造成24.24万人死亡，2005年10月巴基斯坦发生了7.8级强烈地震，造成约8.7万人死亡，2008年的四川汶川8.0级地震造成了大量的人员伤亡和财产损失。有关研究表明，地震灾难在给人们生命和躯体造成巨大伤害的同时，也给人们的心理、精神造成严重损伤，引起社会的巨大震荡，带来一系列负面效应和社会问题。本文在介绍地震灾害的特点和人员受伤害种类的基础上，讨论了地震三要素及三要素之间的综合作用对人员伤害的影响，并提出了减轻地震灾害对人员生理伤害和心理伤害的救援对策。总之，在地震灾害事故中，控制地震灾害事故现场，防止次生和衍生灾害的发生，对现场被困的人员采取有效的搜索方法，进行合理的心理救助，不仅能提高消防部队的救援能力，而且能保障整个救援工作的顺利进行，减少地震灾害对被困人员受到的伤害具有十分重大的意义。 关键词 地震灾害；人员伤害；救援对策 Abstract Earthquake disaster is a kind of serious natural disaster. China is also one of the most severe nations caused by earthquake disaster. For example, Tangshan earthquake resulted in 242.4 thousand people death in July 1976, Pakistan earthquake resulted in 87 thousand people death in October 2005, Wenchuan earthquake resulted in 69 thousand people death in May 2008. Relevant research shows that earthquake disaster could not only cause personnel physiological injury, but cause their psychological injury, at the same time, it result in a series of social questions, for example, the question of victims allocation, reconstruction of disaster area,etc. On the basis of introducing the kind of personnel injury caused by earthquake disaster and their characteristics, the degree of personnel injury is discussed in the paper, which is affected by seismic time, location, magnitude and the combination of them. Finally, rescue measures are put forward to lighten personnel physiological and psychological injury. In a word, it is very necessary that rescue personnel arrive disaster spot as soon as possible, search personnel adopting accurate searching methods, control fires, flood and other disasters by feasible strategy, and make psychological rescue in earthquake disaster, which could increase the capability of rescue troops and reduce personnel casualty and property losses. Keywords Relativit