跨国公司管理1.pptVIP

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Founded in 1990 to increase multilateral cooperation. ‘the seed of potential FTA.’ 21 members. 50% of world’s GNP. 40% of global trade. APEC “is in danger of shrinking into irrelevance as a serious forum.” Regional trade blocs in Asia : APEC Regional Trade Blocs in Africa 9 trade blocs on the continent. Many countries are members of more than one group. Progress has been slow. Political turmoil. Deep suspicion of free trade. Less developed, less diversified economies need “protection”. Impact on business Opportunities: Creation of single markets Protected markets, now open Lower costs doing business in single market Threats: Differences in culture and competitive practices make realizing economies of scale difficult More price competition Outside firms shut out of market EU intervention in mergers and acquisitions * * * * * * CHAPTER 1 Globalization and Regional Economic Integration INTRODUCTION Transnational Corporation an enterprise such as one “which controls assets, factories, mines, sales offices, and the like in two or more countries.” In 1973 an enterprise (a) comprising entities in two or more countries, regardless of the legal form and fields of activity of those entities, (b) which operates under a system of decision-making permitting coherent policies and a common strategy through one or more decision-making centers, (c) in which the entities are so linked, by ownership or otherwise, that one or more of them may be able to exercise a significant influence over the activities of the others, and, in particular, to share knowledge, resources, and responsibilities with others. In 1984 Our definition of TNCs An enterprise has substantial direct investment in foreign countries and actively manages those operations and regards those operations as integral parts of the company both strategically and organizationally. TNCs Management Formulation of strategies and management systems to take advantage of