管理学(第七版)-斯蒂芬P罗宾斯robbins-05.pptVIP

5–* Managerial Ethics (cont’d) The Theory of Justice Organizational rules are enforced fairly and impartially and follow all legal rules and regulations. Protects the interests of underrepresented stakeholders and the rights of employee. Integrative Social Contracts Theory Ethical decisions should be based on existing ethical norms in industries and communities in order to determine what constitutes right and wrong. Based on integration of the general social contract and the specific contract between community members. 5–* Factors That Affect Employee Ethics Moral Development A measure of independence from outside influences Levels of Individual Moral Development Preconventional level Conventional level Principled level Stage of moral development interacts with: Individual characteristics The organization’s structural design The organization’s culture The intensity of the ethical issue 5–* Exhibit 5.7 Factors That Affect Ethical and Unethical Behavior 5–* Factors That Affect Employee Ethics (cont’d) Moral Development Research Conclusions: People proceed through the stages of moral development sequentially. There is no guarantee of continued moral development. Most adults are in Stage 4 (“good corporate citizen”). 5–* Individual Characteristics Affecting Ethical Behaviors Values Basic convictions about what is right or wrong on a broad range of issues Stage of Moral Development A measure of an individual’s independence from outside influences 5–* Exhibit 5.8 Stages of Moral Development Source: Based on L. Kohlberg, “Moral Stages and Moralization: The Cognitive-Development Approach,” in T. Lickona (ed.). Moral Development and Behavior: Theory, Research, and Social Issues (New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston, 1976), pp. 34–35. 5–* Individual Characteristics Personality Variables Ego strength A personality measure of the strength of a person’s convictions Locus of Control A personality attribute that measures the degree to which people believe they control their own life.