生殖生物学理论与相关技术- 胚胎干细胞.ppt

Tetraploid Blastocyst Complementation From Shaorong Gao in Tongji University Oct4- and Nanog-selection; Viable chimaeras; Contribute to germ line; Generate live late-term embryos when injected into tetraploid blastocysts; The biological potency and epigenetic state are indistinguishable from those of ES cells The second generation of mouse iPS cells Nature 2007 July Chimeric male X C57BL/6 female Tumor formation by c-Myc reactivation 121 F1 mice (8-41 weeks) from Nanog-iPS 20D17 cell line; 24 died or were killed due to illness; 13 mice identified neck tumors, 5 mice with other tumors; 20% In these tumors, retroviral expression of c-Myc is reactivated. Challenges of application of hESC-derived cells: ★ Functional cells immature pancreatic endocrine cells; Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) resembling those of the yolk sac; hepatocytes havingan embryonic identity. Long culture in vitro (between 45 days and up to 3 months). ★ Animal models for specific diseases and robust in vitro functional tests ★ Safety issues animal components: mouse feeder cells, fetal bovine Serum tumor formation: undifferentiated or partially differentiated ESCs, heterogeneous populations, karyotypic instability. ★ Immuno-rejection Solutions: ★ Improve differentiation protocols for generation of homogenous population of fully differentiated cells; ★ Guarantee the absence of pluripotent cells in transplanted cells: ◆purification by FACS using specific cell-surface makers; ◆ hESCs can be engineered to contain a selection gene Contents ★ Concept ★ Embryonic Stem Cells ★ Reprogramming (重编程） Somatic Cell Reprogramming Somatic cells PSCs/other cell types Somatic cell reprogramming Cell fate transition Takahashi. J Cell Sci 2012 Three Approaches for Pluripotency Induction Yamanaka and Blau. Nature 2010 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 Sir John B. Gurdon Sir John B. Gurdon Born: 1933, Dippenhall, United Kingdom Af