化学化工类专业英语4-6.pptVIP

Unit 4 Nomenclature of organics Teaching Objectives Chemical Carbon Chain Nomenclature of Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatics, Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Acyl Halides, Anhydrides, Amides in IUPAC Rule Numerals of Carbon Chain 1.Alkane Alkyls The parent name is derived from a Greek Prefix to indicate the number of carbons in parent chain, as described below, followed by the suffix -ane The substituents are named by using the coresponding the Greek Prefix with a -yl ending. 2.Alkene Alkenyl Number each parent carbon with Arabic Numerals to give preferentially the double bond lowest possible number, then the substituents. The parent name is derived from a Greek Prefix of number of carbons in parent chain, followed by the suffix -ene Alkenyl 3.Alkyne The name of alkyne is similar to that of alkene, with a suffix -yne 4.Aromatics 5.Alcohol Number each parent carbon with Arabic Numerals to give preferentially the hydroxyl lowest possible number, then the substituents. The parent name is derived from the Alkane , followed by the suffix -ol. The final letter e in alkane is dropped. Polyol If the parent chains contain two hydroxyls, they are called diol; if three, triol, etc. The parent name is derived from the corresponding alkane name, followed by the suffix -diol. The final letter e of alkane name is retained because the suffix diol, triol does not begin with a vowel. 6.Phenol When hydroxyl is attached to benzene ring, such alcohols are defined as phenol because of their distinct properties. 6.Ether Ethers are named by the pattern alkyl alkyl ether. The alkyls are written alphabetically. If ethers are often named as substituents“, “alkoxy” is used. 7.Aldehyde Number each parent carbon with Arabic Numerals to give preferentially the –CHO lowest possible number, then the substituents. So the number 1 for –CHO is omitted. The parent name is derived from the Alkane , followed by the suffix -al. The final letter e