论刑法的文义解释.doc

摘 要 摘 要 虽然刑法的文义解释在我国司法实践中是经常被采用的刑法解释方法，而且在学术 界进行了不少的探讨，但就其存在的理论基础并没有引起刑法理论的足够重视。其实， 刑法的文义解释是建立在民主法治和罪刑法定的基础之上的。民主所体现的包容精神为 刑法的文义解释提供了解释的广度，而法治的限制作用则为刑法的文义解释方法提供了 合理的限度；作为刑法核心原则的罪刑法定主义，则为刑法文义解释的运用提供了制度 上的要求，即要符合刑法本身要求，也要符合社会发展的需要。 就刑法文义解释的解释立场和解释目标，我国学界一直存在争议。其实，各家的学 说都有其合理性。形式解释的立场要求刑法文义解释的结果要符合刑法的形式要求，而 实质解释的立场则更多的强调刑法文义解释的结果的实质要求。客观论的解释目标使刑 法文义解释的运用更加倾向于符合客观的实际，可以使刑法与时俱进；而主观论的解释 目标则使刑法在被解释的时候更加稳定。刑法的文义解释方法应当吸收各家学说的长 处，以使其在适用的过程中更加完善。 刑法的文义解释与其他解释方法的关系一直备受学术界的关注。因为这一关系的处 理往往直接决定了解释结果，所以有学者提出了解释方法的位阶理论，认为某种方法应 当站在解释位阶的首位。其实，任何一种方法都展现了一种思想，思想没有高低之分， 方法只有合适与否。为了利益可以适用任何一种方法，只要能够符合规则和制度的要求。 刑法之文义的发现，不能只局限于刑法中，文义源于生活。运用各种方法发现刑法的专 业用语和习惯用语的含义时，要考虑其专业性和习惯性的特点，并且应当适当地突破。 关键词 刑法 文义解释 理论基础 解释立场 解释目标 具体贯彻 I Abstract Abstract Although the literal interpretation of criminal law in our judicial interpretation of criminal law practice is often used, but also in academia has been a lot of discussion on the theoretical basis of its existence but did not pay sufficient attention to the criminal law theory. In fact, the literal interpretation of criminal law is based on the statutory basis of democratic rule of law and crime above. Inclusive democracy embodied the spirit of the literal interpretation of criminal law provides a breadth of interpretation, and to limit the role of the rule of law was literal interpretation of criminal law provides a reasonable limit; as the core principles of criminal law Legality, for the criminal law article provides a literal interpretation of the use of institutional requirements that must comply with the requirements of the criminal law itself, but also to meet the needs of social development. Literal interpretation of criminal law to explain their position and explain the objectives of scholars has been controversial. In fact, each has its doctrine of reasonableness. Explanation of the requirements in the form of stand literal interpretation of the results of the criminal law to comply with the requirements in the form of criminal law, and the po