颈部局部解剖学理论.pptVIP

Dissection Platysma Cutaneous nerves and superficial veins External jugular vein Anterior jugular vein Lesser occipital n. Greet auricular n. Transverse nerve of neck Supraclavicular n. Submendibular gland Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Superior thyroid a. Cervical plexus Phrenic n. Ansa cervicalis Vagus n. Hypoglossal n. Accessory n. Digastric Superior thyroid a. External branch Internal branch Hypoglossal n. Vagus n. Vertebral a. Inferior thyroid a. Vertebral a. Thyrocervical trunk Inferior thyroid a. Internal thoratic a. Transvers cervical a. Costocervical trunk Suprascapular a. Lateral region of neck Occipital triangle 枕三角 supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角 (greatsupraclavicular fossa) 锁骨上大窝 Skin The natural line of cleavage of the skin are constant and run almost horizontally around the neck Superficial fascia Consists of fat and connective tissue Contents Platysma Superficial veins Anterior jugular v. External jugular v. Cutaneous nerves Lesser occipital n. Greet auricular n. Transverse nerve of neck Supraclavicular n. Cervical branch of facial n. Cervical fascia 颈筋膜－three layers Superficial layer (investing fascia 封套筋膜) Encloses trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, posterior belly of digastric and parotid and submandibular glands Attached to bony landmarks of upper and lower boundaries of neck and zygomatic arch of face Prevertebral layer 气管前层 Encloses viscera of neck: pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland and parathyroid glands Completely surrounds thyroid gland, forming a sheet for it, and bind the gland to larynx Extends from hyoid bone to fibrous pericardium of superior mediastinum Prevertebral layer 椎前层 Lies anterior to bodies of cervical vertebrae and prevertebral muscles; extends from base of skull downward into the superior mediastinum, continuous with anterior longitudinal lig. and endothoracic fascia Covers subclavian vessels and roots of brachial plexus Extends into upper limb as axillary sheath Carotid sheath 颈动脉鞘