(混合型的汽车).pptVIP

Academic Writing Seminar Department of Cultural Religious Studies 黎子鵬 (John Lai) 18 Oct, 2008 Outline Basics of Academic Writing Avoiding Plagiarism Citation Styles: Notes and Bibliography What is academic writing? A scholarly paper with informed arguments to present what you know and think about a certain topic. It attempts to answer one primary research question. Formulating a thesis statement The thesis statement (論題) is the answer to your research question. It states in one (however long and complex) sentence the position your paper seeks to claim (宣稱). Formulating a thesis statement A good thesis statement – Narrow and concrete Debatable Makes a clear and significant claim Control the entire argument of your paper determines what you should or should not write every paragraph and sentence in your paper should be related to your statement Formulating a thesis statement Broad non-debatable thesis statement: “Pollution is bad for the environment.” Narrow debatable thesis statement: “At least twenty-five percent of the government budget should be spent on researching renewable energy sources and planting more trees in order to control or eliminate pollution.” “Hybrid cars (混合型的汽車) are an effective strategy to fight pollution.” Organizing your argument Your argument (論證) consists of five main elements: Claim (宣稱): Your thesis statement Evidence (證據): Data gathered to support your claim Warrant (依據): The underlying assumption that connects your evidence to your claim Counterclaim (反證): A claim that negates or disagrees with your claim Rebuttal (反駁): Evidence that negates or disagrees with the counterclaim Organizing your argument Claim: Hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution. Evidence 1: Driving a private car is a typical citizens most air polluting activity. Warrant 1: Because cars are the largest source of private air pollution, switching to hybrid cars should have an impact on fighting pollution. Evidence 2: Hybrid cars combin