新人教必修二第三单元learning about langu.docVIP

Module 2 Unit 3 Computers Learning about language The Present Perfect Passive Voice 两种时态 1) 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词) 现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与 already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。 2) 现在完成进行时 (have/has + been + 现在分词） 2. 七种被动语态形式 1) 一般现在时的被动语态 (am/is/are+ 过去分词） 如: The work is done during two days. 2) 一般过去时的被动语态 (was/were+ 过去分词） 3) 一般将来时的被动语态 (will/shall + be + 过去分词或 + be going to + be + 过去分词） 如: The work will be finished soon. 4) 现在进行时的被动语态 (is/am/are + being+ 过去分词） 如: The bridge is now being constructed. 5) 现在完成时的被动语态 (have/has +been + 过去分词） 如: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop. 6) 带情态动词的被动语态 (情态动词 + be + 过去分词) 如: This can be done in a few minutes. 7) 动词不定式的被动式 (to be + 过去分词) 如: It is an honor for me to be asked　to speak here. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态 　 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是: have/has been + done。例如： 1. The dirty clothes have been washed. 脏衣服都已经洗了。 2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times. 3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 这些年来, 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。 现在完成时被动态： have / has? + been + 动词过去分词 现在完成进行时： have / has + been + 动词现在分词 它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上, 被动态接的是过去分词形式, 现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式 1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如： The Temple of 张飞庙已经过重建。 2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如: The door has been locked. 门已经被锁上了。 3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去。如： He has been told about it for many times. 有人告诉他这事很多次了。 （可能还会有人告诉他） 4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来 某时已完成的动作。如： We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我们就立即动身。 注意： 1. 副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如: [误] Such a man has been hardly