跨文化交际重点梳理.pdfVIP

重点1 Definition of culture Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed through the generations in an identifiable group of people. 重点2Characteristics of culture(10) 1、Culture is shared Culture is a system of shared values beliefs or patterns of behaviors held in a group ,organization or society. It is not property of any individual. 2、culture is cumulative Human beliefs, arts etc. are results of many generations. Every generations can discover the new things. The new knowledge are added to what was learned in previous generations. 3、culture is learned Culture is not inherent with any people. Culture can not be genetically and automatically passed down from previous generations. And it should be taught and learned by people. 4、culture is adaptive Culture is created by humans. Humans have to adapt the environment . thus is in development bears the trait of being adaptive 5、culture is dynamic At the same time that new culture are added, and the old ones are lost because they are no longer useful. 6、culture is symbolic Symbols generally serve as communicative tools for a multitude purposes, on a persons as well as culture level. 7 、culture is relational Culture is an organic whole. All the components of culture are interlinked. 8 、culture is implicit and explicit Some layers culture are easy to be observe, like eating , dressing, talking. But the ideas underlying the behaviors are generally hard to know. Many scholars label the culture as iceberg. 9、 culture is universal 10 、culture is diversified 重点3 Hall’s dimensions High context High-context communication relies heav