分子生物学英文课件：Chapter12 Regulation of metabolism.ppt

4. Stress insulin↓, glucagon↑, glucocorticoid and epinephrine ↑, so that 1) blood glucose ↑ 2) fat mobilization ↑ 3) protein breakdown ↑ Citrate lyase VLDL Liver Store Adipose cell Ch * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chapter 12 Metabolic integration and regulation SectionⅠ. The characters of metabolism 1. Integration 2. Can be regulated 3. Each tissue and organ has individual metabolic character 4. Common metabolic pool 5. ATP is the common form for energy storage and utilization 6. NADPH is the reducing equivalents for biosynthesis metabolism CH3COSCoA 2H ETC H2O TAC CO2 ADP+Pi ATP Glucose Fat Protein SectionⅡ Interconnection of Metabolism I. Energy metabolism ATP/ADP is as the regulatory signal. II. Interconnection of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins metabolism Section Ⅲ Liver function in metabolism Anatomical and metabolic features of liver Dual blood supply : hepatic artery and portal vein; Dual output system: hepatic vein and bile duct; A large number of hepatic sinusoid (肝血窦); Hepatic cells are rich in cellular organelle and enzymes. Functions of liver in metabolism In carbohydrate metabolism In lipids metabolism In protein metabolism In vitamin metabolism In hormone metabolism Stabilizing blood glucose levels by: Glycogenesis Conversion of glucose to fat Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis (AAs, glycerol, lactate…) Ketone bodies (FAs) The roles of liver in carbohydrate metabolism 不同营养状态下肝内如何进行糖代谢？ 饱食状态： 肝糖原合成↑ 过多糖则转化为脂肪，以VLDL形式输出 肝糖原分解↑补充血糖 以糖异生为主 脂肪动员↑→酮体合成↑ →节省葡萄糖 饥饿状态： 空腹状态： The roles of liver in lipid metabolism * Digestion and absorption: cholesterol → bile acids * Anabolism: Liver is the main place for the synthesis of fat, phospholipid and cholesterol * Catabolism: Liver has a strong ability to take and to oxidize fatty acids and synthesize ke