分子生物学英文课件：chapter18-regulation of gene expression.ppt

(3). Basic leucine zipper: binding to CAAT box Ⅴ.formation of PIC is the main process of transcript regulatio PolⅡ TFⅡH TAF TFⅡF TAF TAF TFⅡA TFⅡB TBP DNA TATA EBP TBP Multiple levels of the regulation in eukaryote: Chromatin DNA Key terms for this chapter:  *operon *enhancer *housekeeping gene *cis-acting element and trans-acting factor Conclusion: Regulation of prokaryotes at three levels the beginning of transcription terminal of transcription translation Section 4 Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes 1. Genome is big: human 3×109 bp, 25,000 genes (1%) 2. Coding sequence is only 10% of genome. 3. Discontinuous gene: intron and exon, splicing 4. Monocistron: one gene→one mRNA→one polypeptide 5. DNA binds with protein, forming chromatin. 6. Nucleus DNA and mitochondria DNA I. Features of gene expression in eukaryotes Fig.18-5 multiple levels and complexity of gene expression in eukaryote 1. Activated chromatin are Sensitive to nuclease (DNaseⅠ, hypersensitive sites) : Ⅱ. Chromatin structure and gene expression regulation in eukaryote 2. Changes of histone protein in activated Chromatin: Acetylation Methylation phosphorylation （a）组蛋白与DNA组成的核小体；（b）组蛋白的氨基端伸出核小体，形成组蛋白尾巴；（c）四种组蛋白组成的八聚体 histone protein and its chemical modification 组蛋白 氨基酸残基位点 修饰类型 功 能 H3 Lys-4 methylation activation H3 Lys-9 methylation 染色质浓缩 H3 Lys-9 methylation DNA甲基化所必需 H3 Lys-9 acetylation activation H3 Ser-10 phosphorylation activation H3 Lys-14 acetylation 防止Lys-9的甲基化 H3 Lys-79 methylation 端粒沉默 H4 Arg-3 methylation H4 Lys-5 acetylation assembly H4 Lys-12 acetylation assembly H4 Lys-16 acetylation assembly H4 Lys-16 acetylation Fly X activation Effect of Histone modification 3.Methylation level of GpC island is low GpC island: GC is more than 60%, 300-3000bp, usually in promoter or 1st extron of gene. DNA methyltransferase: methyltransferase catalyzes the methylation of C. Ⅲ. Cis-acting elements are key regulation sites in eukaryot