WorleyParsons 沃利帕森斯设计指南 KS-PR-DEG-0150 Vacuum Systems Design Guide.pdf

Vacuum Systems Design Guide Document No: KS-PR-DEG-0150 Rev 0 01 December 2019 © Copyright 2019 Worley ACN 096 090 158. No part of this document or the information it contains may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Worley. Table of Contents 1. Purpose4 2. Overview4 2.1 General4 2.2 Categories of Vacuum Pump4 2.3 Atmospheric Pressure 6 2.4 Vacuum Ranges6 3. Required Capacity 7 3.1 Overview 7 3.2 Process Load 7 3.3 Air In-leakage 8 3.4 Initial System Evacuation 11 3.5 Outgassing12 3.6 Diffusion 13 3.7 Permeation 13 3.8 Back Streaming 13 3.9 Recommended Design Margins 13 4. Ejectors 15 4.1 Basic Principle 15 4.2 Motive Fluids18 4.3 Types of Ejector 23 4.4 Number of Steam Ejector Stages Required 23 4.5 Sensitivity 28 4.6 Compression Ratio 28 4.7 Minimum Practical Size28 4.8 Capacity Calculation 29 4.9 Steam Rate 33 4.10 Maximum Discharge Pressure 33 5. Vacuum Condensers 36 5.1 Barometric Condensers 37 5.2 Water Cooled Surface Condensers 41 5.3 Air Cooled Surface Condensers 44 5.4 Barometric Condensers v Surface Condensers 44 5.5 Exit Water Vapor45 6. Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps 45 6.1 Overview 45 6.2 Capacity Calculation 49 6.3 Pump Down or Evacuation52 6.4 Non-condensible Load 53 6.5 Correcting for Altitude 53