《无机化学》课件-168_chapter19-group13elements-lecture2.pptVIP

Reaction of oxide with acids: It behaves as a basic oxide dissolving to form the chloride, sulphate and nitrate salt in the relevant dilute acid. Al2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq) == 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)? Al2O3(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) == Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2O(l)? Al2O3(s) + 6HNO3(aq) == 2Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3H2O(l)? ionic equation: Al2O3(s) + 6H+(aq) == 2Al3+(aq) + 3H2O(l)? Reaction of oxide with strong bases/alkalis: The oxide also behaves as an acidic oxide by dissolving in strong soluble bases to form aluminate(III) salts. e.g. Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H2O(l) == 2Na[Al(OH)4](aq)? forming sodium aluminate(III) with sodium hydroxide. ionic equation: Al2O3(s) + 2OH-(aq) + 3H2O(l) == 2[Al(OH)4]-(aq)? Therefore aluminium oxide is an amphoteric oxide, because of this dual acid-base behaviour. 19-4 Aluminum compounds Reaction of element with chlorine:? Burns when heated strongly in chlorine gas to form the white* solid aluminium chloride on heating in chlorine gas. 2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g) == 2AlCl3(s) * It is often a faint yellow in colour, due to traces of iron forming iron(III) chloride. 19-4 Aluminium compounds Aluminium chloride is a curious substance in its behaviour. The solid, AlCl3, consists of an ionic lattice of Al3+ ions, each surrounded by six Cl- ions, BUT on heating, at about 180oC, the thermal kinetic energy of vibration of the ions in the lattice is sufficient to cause it break down and sublimation takes place (s == g). In doing so the co-ordination number of the aluminium changes from six to four to form the readily vapourised covalent dimer molecule, Al2Cl6, shown above. Reaction of element with water: None due to protective oxide layer. 19-4 Aluminium compounds Reactions of the hexa-aqua aluminium ion: It gives a gelatinous white precipitate with sodium hydroxide or ammonia solution which displays amphoteric behaviour by dissolving in excess strong alkali (NaOH(aq), NOT NH3(aq)) and acids. Al3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) == Al(OH)3(s)? or [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq)? + 3OH-(aq) == [Al(OH)3(H2O)3] + 3H2O(l)? T