《无机化学》课件-178_chapter21-transitionmetals(II)-lecture1.pptVIP

Chapter 21 transition metals (II) 21-1 Iron group 21-1 Iron groupThe chemistry of iron is dominated by the +2 and +3 oxidation states i.e. iron(II) and iron(III) complexes e.g. Fe2+ and Fe3+ complex ions with selected ligands, usually of an octahedral shape, few a few tetrahedral iron(III) complexes are mentioned too. The reactions of the aqueous ions iron(II) and iron(III) with ammonia, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate are described and explained as are complexes of iron(III) with the chloride ion and cyanide ion. Iron readily dissolves in dilute hydrochloric or sulphuric acid to form iron(II) chloride and iron(II) sulphate respectively. Hydrogen gas is evolved and it is a redox reaction. ? The pale green hexaaquairon(II) ion, [Fe(H2O)6]2+(aq), is formed. Fe (s) + 2HCl (aq) == FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)? Fe (s) + H2SO4 (aq) == FeSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)? The redox-ionic equation is: Fe (s) + 2H+ (aq) == Fe2+ (aq) + H2 (g)? The pale green salts FeCl2.6H2O and? FeSO4.7H2O can be made by careful evaporation and crystallisation of the solution. However, they are readily oxidised by dissolved oxygen to form iron(III) compounds (more on this later). White anhydrous iron(II) chloride can be made by passing hydrogen chloride gas over heated iron. ?Fe (s) + 2HCl (g) == FeCl2 (g) + H2 (g)? 21-1 Iron group If chlorine is passed over heated iron, brown anhydrous iron(III) chloride is formed 2Fe (s) + 3Cl2 (g) == 2FeCl3 (s)? An example of salt synthesis by directly combining the constituent elements. Iron(III) chloride is a brown covalently bonded, relatively volatile chloride. Like aluminium chloride, it exists in the solid form as a dimer Fe2Cl6, one of the Fes chlorines acts as a bridge, forming a dative co-ordinate bond with the other iron atom21-1 Iron group Redox reaction: ox. state changes are Fe (0) to (+3), Cl (0) to (-1) The iron(III) chloride reacts very exothermically with water to give pungent acrid fumes of hydrogen chloride (anhydrous aluminium chloride is made in the sa