《无机化学》课件-180_chapter21-transitionmetals(II)-lecture2.pptVIP

21-2 platinum group metals The platinum group metals (abbreviated as the PGMs; alternatively, the platinoids, platidises, platinum group, platinum metals, platinum family or platinum group elements (PGEs)) is a term used sometimes to collectively refer to six metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table. These elements are all transition metals, lying in the d-block (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 and 6). 21-2 platinum group metals The six platinum group metals are ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. They have similar physical and chemical properties, and tend to occur together in the same mineral deposits. However they can be further subdivided into the iridium-group platinum group elements (IPGEs: Os, Ir, Ru) and the palladium-group platinum group elements (PPGEs: Rh, Pt, Pd) based on their behaviour in geological systems. [2] PropertiesThe platinum metals have outstanding catalytic properties. They are highly resistant to wear and tarnish, making platinum, in particular, well suited for fine jewelry. Other distinctive properties include resistance to chemical attack, excellent high-temperature characteristics, and stable electrical properties. All these properties have been exploited for industrial applications.[5]21-2 platinum group metals PlatinumSperrylite (platinum arsenide, PtAs2) ore is a major source of this metal. A naturally occurring platinum-iridium alloy, platiniridium, is found in the mineral cooperite (platinum sulfide, PtS). Platinum in a native state, often accompanied by small amounts of other platinum metals, is found in alluvial and placer deposits in Colombia, Ontario, the Ural Mountains, and in certain western American states. Platinum is also produced commercially as a by-product of nickel ore processing. 21-2 platinum group metals 21-2 platinum group metals Platinum does not normally react with air or water.Reaction of platinum with the halogensCareful control of the reaction between platinum metal