《无机化学》课件-175_chapter20-transitionmetals(I)-lecture3.pptVIP

20-5 Manganese group metal Manganese is more electropositive than any of its neighbours in the periodic table and the metal is more reactive, especially when somewhat impure.In the massive state it is superficially oxidized on exposure to air but will burn if finely divided. It liberates hydrogen from water and dissolves readily in dilute aqueous acids toform manganese(II) salts. With non-metals it is not very reactive at ambient temperatures but frequently reacts vigorously when heated. Thus it burns in oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine and fluorine giving Mn3O4,Mn3N2,MnCl2 andMnF2 or MnF3 respectively, and it combines directly with B, C, Si, P, As and S.20-5 Manganese group metal Technetium and rhenium metals are less reactive than manganese and, as is to be expected for the two heavier elements, they are closely similar to each other. In the massive form they resist oxidation and are only tarnished slowly in moist air.However, they are normally produced as sponges or powders in which case they are more reactive. Heated in oxygen they burn to give volatile heptaoxides (M2O7), and with fluorine they give TcF5 or TcF6 and ReF6 or ReF7 respectively. MS2 can also be produced by direct action. Although insoluble in hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids, the metals dissolve readily in oxidizing acids such as HNO3 and conc H2SO4 and also in bromine water, when “pertechnetic” and “perrhenic” acids (HMO4) are formed.20-5 Manganese group metal 20-5 Manganese group metal Reactions of manganese(II) ions in solutionThe simplest ion that manganese forms in solution is the hexaaquamanganese(II) ion - [Mn(H2O)6]2+.The reaction of hexaaquamanganese(II) ions with hydroxide ionsHydroxide ions (from, say, sodium hydroxide solution) remove hydrogen ions from the water ligands attached to the manganese ion.Once a hydrogen ion has been removed from two of the water molecules, you are left with a complex with no charge - a neutral complex. This is insoluble in water and a precipitate is formed.20