系统解剖学英文版教学课件：Inroduction of Arthrology.pptVIP

ARTHROLOGY DEFINITIONArthrology is the science that study joints.Joints are places where two or more bones make contact. Classification of articulation (joints)I. Based on FunctionSynarthrosis –immovable jointsAmphiarthrosis –slightly movable jointsDiarthrosis –freely movable joints - predominate in limbs. restricted to the axial skeleton. II. Based on structuresFibrous jointsCartilaginous jointsSynovial joints Fibrous Joints (Synarthrosis)- bones are connected by collagen fibers (no joint cavity)Sutures - a rigid joint between bonesserrate sutures Lap sutures Plane sutures Fibrous Joints (Synarthrosis)②Gomphoses ( 嵌合连接）a joint that binds the teeth to dental alveoli (socket)in the maxillary and bone and mandible bones.Held in place by fibrous periodontal ligamentSome movement while chewing Fibrous Joints (Synarthrosis)③Syndesmoses (韧带联合)the bones are united by fibrous connective tissue forming an interosseous membrane or ligament. slightly movable articulation Synchondrosis (软骨结合) - Bones are joined by hyaline cartilage (透明软骨)ribs articulates with the sternum by costal cartilageepiphyseal plate binds epiphysis and diaphysisBones are joined by cartilages2. Cartilaginous joints ② Symphysis two bones joined by fibrocartilagepubic symphysisintervertebral discsslight movement2. Cartilaginous joints 3. Synovial joints (Diarthrosis,滑膜关节)(1) Essential structures①Articular surface formed by hyaline cartilagecovers joint surfaces helps reduce friction and pressure. Most movable joints of the body 3. Synovial joints (1) Essential structures② Articular capsule – two layers encloses joint cavityfibrous membrane - continuous with periosteumsynovial membrane lines the internal surface of the fibraous menbrane secretes synovial fluid that reduces friction, dissipate heat, and absorb shock.③Articular cavity - a space in which two bones are separated Synovial joints 12(2) Accessory structures①Ligaments- help hold the joint together.② Articular discs and menisci- jaw, wrist,