课时数智作业12.docxVIP

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课时数智作业(十二)

必修第三册UNIT1FESTIVALSANDCELEBRATIONS

Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)

Frombeautifulbronze(青铜)winecupstograndbronzeding(foodcontainers)，thisexhibitionfeaturesdiscoveriesthatwillfundamentallychangevisitorsunderstandingofancientChinesecivilisation．

AtaboutthesametimethatStonehengewasrisinginEngland，aBronzeAgeculturewasdevelopinginChinathatinmanyrespectswasseldomequaledandneversurpassed．Thisdevelopmentseemedtohavebegunby1600BCintheShang(about1600BC—1046BC)alongtheYellowRiver．Forthousandsofyears，thisareahadwitnessedculturesofincreasingcomplexity，whichlaidthefoundationoftheChinesecivilisation．BythetimeoftheBronzeAge，thisculturewascharacterisedbyastrongcentralisedgovernment，urbancommunitieswithobvioussocialclasses，adistinctivesystemofwriting，strictreligiousrituals，diversifiedartforms，andadvancedbronze-producingmethods．

Unlikeothercultures，wherebronzewasfirstusedchieflyfortoolsandweapons，inChina，bronzewasusedtomakevessels(容器)thatplayedcentralrolesinofficialceremoniesandancestorworshipformorethan1，000years，evenaftertheofficialbeginningsoftheIronAgein400BC．Possessionofbronzevesselsthusbecameasymbolfortheholdingofpowerandrulersusedbronzecupsandfoodcontainerstopresentofferingsoffoodandwinetoroyalancestorsandgods．

DuringShangtimes，wineplayedamajorpartinsuchceremonies，andcontainersforwinethereforefaroutnumberedothertypes．Then，theShangwerecriticisedfortoomuchwinedrinkingbyitsenemy，theZhou，whofeltthatthedrinkinghadoffendedHeavenandgiventheZhoutherighttooverthrowtheShang．Safeguardingitsowndynasty，theZhoureplacedthewinevesselswithmorepracticalcookingandstoragetools．

AftertheShangperiod，bronzevesselsbecamemoreimportantasexpressionsofpersonalstatusthanasvehiclesforofficialceremonies．Thisisevidentfrom