陕北某化工厂对土壤-作物系统重金属含量及分布的影响.docVIP

  陕北某化工厂对土壤-作物系统重金属含量 及分布的影响# 5 10 15 20 25 30 35  摘要：对陕西北部某化工企业周围土壤-作物系统的重金属积累状况及空间变异进行了深入 研究。研究表明：污水排放导致了周围农田土壤中 Cd 和 Cu 的聚集，其中 Cd 的积累量超过 国家土壤环境二级标准；所有重金属元素均表现出明显的表聚现象，主要聚集在土壤表层 0-20 cm 范围内。在空间分布上，污水排放企业周围土壤和作物重金属的强烈聚集区出现在 企业排污口附近 100m-200m 范围内，并随着距企业距离的增加重金属含量呈降低趋势。在企 业污水灌溉的影响下，玉米籽粒 Cd 和 Pb 含量明显高于对照区，其中 Pb 达到 8%的超标率。 四种重金属元素中，除 Cd 在作物中与土壤中有效态和全量之间均呈现极显著的正相关关系 外，其余元素作物中和土壤中含量相关性均未达到显著水平。因此，该化工企业周围，尽管 由于污灌引起重金属在土壤中的累积，但由于在农作物中的积累有限，暂时未对人体健康造 成危害，但由于交通所引起的 Pb 的超标应引起重视。 关键词：土壤学；重金属；土壤；作物；空间变异；污灌 中图分类号：S153.2 Accumulation and spatial variability of heavy metals in soil-crop system around a chemical factor in northern Shaanxi province QI Yanbing, CHANG Qingrui, LIU Mengyun, LIU Jing, CHEN Tao (College of Natural Resources and Environment, Norhtwest AF University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100) Abstract: In this paper, accumulation and spatial variability of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in soil-crop system around a chemical factor in northern Shaanxi province. Results show that wastewater irrigation led to Cd and Cu accumulation in soils, and concentrations of Cd was higher than the critical of soil environmental quality (II). All the heavy metals were mainly accumulated in the top layer (0-20cm). Spatially, soils and plants high in heavy metal concentration were distributed within the radius of about 100 m to 200 m from the waste water outlet, and decreased exponentially with the distance from the factory. Affected by wastewater irrigation, contents of Cd and Pb in maize were significantly higher than the control area, and affected by the vehicle exhaust, the over standard rate was 8%. All the heavy metals not showed significant correlation between soil and crop, except Cd. Therefore, the chemical factor has contributed to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil around it, but no higher contribution to the crop, and no threat to human health temporarily. But more attentions should be put on to the higher accumulation of Pb in the maize caused by the vehicle. Key words: soil s