井下煤层水力压裂裂缝导向机理及方法.docVIP

  井下煤层水力压裂裂缝导向机理及方法# 夏彬伟1,2，胡科1,2，刘勇1,2，卢义玉1,2，宋晨鹏1,2* （1. 1 煤矿灾害动力学及控制国家重点实验室，重庆，400030； 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 2. 2 复杂煤气层瓦斯抽采国家地方联合工程实验室，重庆，400030） 摘要：针对井下煤层水力压裂裂缝扩展无序导致抽采效率低的问题，提出水力压裂裂缝导向 方法，即采用高压水射流割定向缝导向裂缝起裂及扩展。在压裂孔周边合理布置导向钻孔， 压裂孔及导向钻孔均采用水射流割缝技术在煤孔中形成定向缝隙。在地应力作用下缝隙尖端 形成剪切破坏区，在内水压的作用下裂缝在缝隙尖端起裂；通过计算射流割缝缝隙水平延长 方向最大主应力方向得出，裂缝在尖端起裂后沿水平方向延伸；在此基础上研发了裂缝导向 技术工艺，即钻孔布置工艺、封孔工艺及压裂工艺，并成功应用于典型低透气性煤层；试验 结果表明：该方法能够导向裂缝的延伸，压裂半径为 25m 以上；抽采数据表明瓦斯抽放平 均浓度为 68%，单孔平均抽放纯量为 0.037m3/min；采用裂缝导向技术后相比普通孔瓦斯抽 放纯量提高了 11.26 倍，抽放浓度提高了 2.12 倍。 关键词：煤层；水力压裂；裂缝导向；瓦斯抽采 中图分类号：TD712 Mechanism of Crack-oriented of Hydraulic Fracture and its Technique in Mine XIA Binwei1,2, Hu Ke1,2, LIU Yong1,2, LU Yiyu1,2, Song Chenpeng1,2 (1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control , Chonqing, 400030; 2. 2 National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Gas Drainage in Complex Coal Seam, Chonqing, 400030) Abstract: Drainage was inefficient of coal seam treated by hydraulic fracture due to disordered propagation of fracture. We proposed a novel approach of fracture-oriented via slotting a slitting in coal seam by high pressure water jet. Firstly, boreholes-oriented were drilled around the borehole of hydraulic fracture. Then we slotted the coal seam via high pressure water jet. Finally, we carried out hydraulic fracture in the borehole. Shear destruction area appeared around the crack tip lead to the crack initiation was located on crack tip. And crack propagated along horizontal direction because the major principal stress direction was horizontal. Besides, we developed the technique of crack-oriented and applied it in typical low permeability coal seam. The results showed that the technique was efficient. What’s more the diameter of hydraulic fracture was larger than 25m, the concentration of gas drainage was 68% on average, and the gas flow was 0.037m3/min. The concentration and flow of gas increased 2.12 times and 11.26 times comparing to traditional technique. Key words: coal seam；hy