光伏产业政策的国际比较.pdfVIP

要 传统能源的紧缺和能源成本的持续增长使得世界上众多国家将注意的目光转 向可再生能源。太阳能光伏发电作为一种可持续的能源替代方式，于近年得到迅 速发展，它对缓解和解决世界能源危机和环境危机具有十分重大的意义。 目前我国光伏产业还处于幼小的发展阶段，仅仅依靠市场的力量是无法实现 太阳能光伏产业快速健康发展的，政府制定相关的扶持政策和采取有效的激励措 施是促进太阳能光伏产业发展的关键因素。 德国、日本和美国是在应用和推广光伏发电方面相当成功的国家，他们的成 功主要归功于一系列激励政策和措施的出台和实施。 因此，对国际先进的光伏产业政策进行研究与借鉴,对缓解和解决目前我国太 阳能光伏产业发展中出现的问题，缩短与先进国家的差距具有重要的现实意义。 本文从光伏产业基本概念入手，以产业政策的基本原理为工具，分别研究了 德国、日本、美国这些发达国家光伏产业政策的演进，并且对其光伏产业政策的 共性进行了比较分析，得出可借鉴的经验；然后，对中国与德国、日本、美国的 光伏产业政策在立法、 税收政策、补贴政策、价格政策、信贷和投资政策、技术 政策方面进行了综合比较，找出问 与差距。最后，借鉴德、日、美光伏产业发 展的经验，结合我国光伏产业存在的实际问 ，对发展我国光伏产业提出了建议。 关键词： 光伏产业 政策 国际 比较 1 Abstract The shortage of conventional energy sources and continued cost growth of energy make many countries in the world shift their attention to renewable energy. As a sustainable energy alternative, photovoltaic (PV) solar power has developed rapidly in recent years. The development of PV is significance for alleviating and solving world energy crisis and environment crisis. PV industry is in the initial stage of development in our country. PV industry cannot develop rapidly if depend on market power only. Support policy and incentive measure made by government are key factors to promote development of PV solar industry. The PV solar power has been well developed in Germany, Japan and the United States. Governments in these countries have adopted a series of incentive policies and support, and these policies and programs have resulted in their success in PV industry. Therefore, researching international advanced PV policy have important practical significance for solving the problems existed in our country s PV industry and shortening gap among China and developed country. Starting with the basic concept of PV indust