银杏叶总黄酮的微波提取及纯化工艺研究.docVIP

银杏叶总黄酮的微波提取及纯化工艺研究 　　摘 要：通过正交设计确定银杏叶总黄酮用微波提取的最佳工艺，对溶剂浓度、料液比、提取时间和提取次数4个因素进行考察，确定其对银杏叶总黄酮提取率的影响，最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度60%、料液比1∶70、提取2次、提取时间3 min，银杏叶总黄酮得率为2.061%。银杏叶总黄酮进一步采用大孔树脂分离纯化，以黄酮含量为指标确定其最佳工艺参数，选定D101型大孔树脂，以80%乙醇、2倍柱体积/h的流速洗脱、收集乙醇洗脱液至3倍柱体积，为最佳工艺。经D101型大孔树脂纯化后，提取物中黄酮含量由17.08%提高到44.17%。 　　关键词：银杏叶 总黄酮 微波提取法 大孔树脂 　　中图分类号：O657.32 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-098X（2014）04（b）-0002-03 　　Study on microwave extraction and purification of total flavonoids from ginkgo leaf 　　YANG Wenting， WU Shijun， ZHU Wenting， YUE Wei 　　（Engineering College of Wuhan Yangtze Bussiness University，Wuhan，430065） 　　Abstract：The optimum process of total flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves by microwave extraction were determined by orthogonal design，the solvent concentration，solid-liquid ratio， extraction time and extraction times were studied to determine the effects on the extracting of total flavonoids，the optimum extraction conditions were ethanol concentration 60%，ratio of solid to liquid 1：70， extracting 2 times，3min every time，the rate was 2.061%. The total flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves was further separated and purified by macroporous resin.The optimal conditions of resin purification were that using D101 type macroporous resin，80% ethanol as solvent，flow rate of elution was 2 times of column volume pre hour，and collecting alcohol eluent to 3 times of the column volume.After purification by resin，the content of total flavonoid was increased from 17.08% to 44.17%. 　　Key words：Ginkgo biloba total flavonoids microwave extraction macroporous resin 　　银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.）原产我国，系侏罗纪的孑遗植物，别名“活化石”。银杏的叶、果、树皮均有一定的药理作用，其中叶的药用价值最高。银杏叶提取物主要含有黄酮类和银杏内酯类，银杏黄酮在提取物中的含量较高其中所含有的黄酮能够增加脑血管流量，改善脑血管循环功能，保护脑细胞，扩张冠状动脉，防止心绞痛及心肌梗塞，防止血栓形成，提高机体免疫能力。对冠心病、心绞痛、脑动脉硬化、老年性痴呆、高血压病人均十分有益。以银杏叶提取物为主要成分多种制剂已广泛应用于临床[1]。因此银杏叶黄酮的安全、优化的提取具有实际应用意义。 　　提取制备方法较常见的有煎煮法、溶剂萃取法和CO2超临界流体萃取法等。煎煮法直接加热容易破坏黄酮结构，溶剂萃取法耗费大量溶剂，对环境污染较高，CO2超临界流体萃取法对设备要求较高[2-3]。本研究主要以黄酮含量作为指标，利用正交设计考察微波法提取的最佳工艺条件[4]，并对初提物进一步通过大孔树脂分离纯化，考察其最佳纯化条件[5-6]。 　　1 实验材料、试剂及仪器 　　1.1 材料与试