【医学课件】营养及营养障碍性疾病.pptVIP

Estabilshing and maintaining the milk supply Preparation before delivery: gain weight (12~14kg) Appropriate care for nipples The first breast-feeding should talk place as soon as possible after birth. Infants should be fed on demand Promoting lactation Appropriate technique of breast-feeding. No factor is more important for successful breast-feeding than a happy, relaxed state of mind. The most satisfactory stimulus to the secretion of human milk is regular and complete emptying of the breasts. Contraindications to breast-feeding哺乳禁忌 绝对禁忌 HIV、慢性肾炎、糖尿病、 恶性肿瘤、心功能不全、 精神病、癫痫 相对禁忌 乙肝病毒携带者、无临床症状的结核病 部分母乳喂养 mixed feeding 补授法 Supplemental Feeding 母乳哺喂次数一般不变，先哺母乳，再补充乳品或代乳品 代授法 Breast-bottle-feeding 乳品或代乳品代替一至数次母乳喂养 人工喂养 Bottle-fed 概念 definition 　The use of a substitute for breast milk for feeding infants 4个月以内的婴儿，由于各种原因不能进行母乳喂养时，完全采用配方奶或其它兽乳，如牛乳、羊乳、马乳等喂哺婴儿，称为人工喂养。 The principles of infant feeding and introducing supplemental foods添加辅食的原则 Little to more由少到多 Thin to thick 由稀到稠 Fine to coarse 由细到粗 Mono to multi 由一种到多种 Introducing gradually when stable 应在婴儿健康、消化功能正常时逐步添加 Transitions in infant feeding 食物转换 月龄 食物性状 种类 餐数 进食技能 主餐 辅餐 4～6月 泥状食物 菜泥、水果泥、含铁配方米粉、配方奶 6次奶 （断夜间奶） 逐渐加至1次 用勺喂 7～9月 末状食物 软饭(面)、肉末、菜末、蛋、鱼泥.豆腐.配方米粉、水果 4次奶 1餐饭 1次水果 学用杯 10 ～12月 碎食物 软饭(面)、碎肉、碎菜、蛋、鱼肉、豆制品、水果 2餐饭 2~3次奶 1次水果 抓食 断奶瓶 自用勺 Nutrition and Dystrophic Disease营养及营养障碍疾病 Presented by Wang xia, Department of Pediatric, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Objectives and Demands The principles of infant feeding and introducing supplemental foods into a babys diet The diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of Protein-energy malnutrition The diagnosis and treatment of obesity in children To master Nutritional Requirements and Infant Feeding 营养基础及婴儿喂养 Introduction Low nutritional stores High nutritional demands for growth Rapid neuronal development Infants and children are more vulnerable to