高中英语外研版选修8学案：Module4SectionⅣGrammarWritingWord版含解析.docVIP

Section Ⅳ　Grammar Writing 状语和状语从句 阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法 1．English spread across the world over hundreds of years because of trade，exploration and business. 2．Sometimes it is difficult for British and American people to understand the Australian accent. 3．A few years ago a well-known English author was signing copies of his books in a Sydney bookshop. 4．A customer came up to the author holding a copy of the book and said Emma Chissit. 5．But as it is so widely spoken，it has become impossible to say which English is“correct”and which is “incorrect”． 6．As long as speakers can understand each other，“correctness”seems less important. 7．There are so many differences between their dialects that they could not understand each other. 一、状语 1．概念 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分；通常用副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、独立主格结构或从句等充当，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随等意义。 2．状语的位置 一般来说状语在句中的位置比较灵活，它可以处于句首、句中或句末。修饰形容词的状语，通常放在所修饰的词之前。修饰动词的状语，一般放在所修饰的动词之后。但有些副词，如always，often，usually，never，ever等作状语时，常置于句中，放在实义动词之前，be动词或第一个助动词之后。 3．状语的构成和分类 (1)副词：修饰形容词、副词或动词以及介词短语。 It sounds very different from place to place. 各地英语听起来差别很大。 (2)形容词：作伴随、条件、原因状语。 Full of hope，the local people are working hard to rebuild their hometown. 心中充满希望，当地人正在努力工作重建自己的家园。 (3)现在分词：分词的逻辑主语为动作的执行者。 Having lived abroad for twenty years，the old man returned to his hometown where he was brought up. 在国外居住了20年后，那位老人回到了养育他的故乡。 (4)过去分词：分词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者。 Injured in the earthquake，the ten-year-old boy lost his two legs forever.在地震中受伤后，那位10岁的男孩永远地失去了自己的双腿。 (5)不定式：表示动作在将来发生，作目的、结果、原因状语。 We were sorry to hear that a terrible earthquake occurred in Gansu in July,2013.我们非常遗憾地听到2013年7月甘肃发生了可怕的地震的消息。 (6)介词短语：作原因、地点、时间、条件、让步状语。 The Shanghai World Exposition Garden was open to all visitors for 184 days. 上海世博园对游客开放了184天。 (7)独立主格结构：非谓语动词、形容词、介词短语、副词(拥有自己的逻辑主语)作状语。 Spring coming on，the trees turned green. 春天来了，树木变绿了。 (8)with复合结构：with/without的宾语后跟补足语。 The day is bright with a fresh breeze blowing. 天气晴朗，吹着一股清风。 (9)名词及其词组：表示时间的名词或短语作时间状语。 I will stay another five months.我将再待5个月。