Associations between Variation in X Chromosome Male Reproductive Genes and Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila melanogaster英文文献资料.docVIP

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Associations between Variation in X Chromosome Male Reproductive Genes and Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila melanogaster英文文献资料.doc

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Associations between Variation in X Chromosome Male Reproductive Genes and Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila melanogaster英文文献资料

SAGE-HindawiAccesstoResearch InternationalJournalofEvolutionaryBiology Volume2011,ArticleID214280,10pages doi:10.4061/2011/214280 ResearchArticle AssociationsbetweenVariationinXChromosome MaleReproductiveGenesandSpermCompetitiveAbilityin Drosophilamelanogaster LeahGreenspan1,2andAndrewG.Clark 1 1 2 DepartmentofMolecularBiologyandGenetics,CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY14853-2801,USA DepartmentofDevelopmentalBiology,MemorialSloan-KetteringCancerCenter,NewYork,NY10065-6094,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoAndrewG.Clark,ac347@ Received11January2011;Accepted7March2011 AcademicEditor:JeremyMarshall Copyright?2011L.GreenspanandA.G.Clark. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis properlycited. Variationinreproductivesuccesshaslongbeenthoughttobemediatedinpartbygenesencodingseminalproteins.Herewe explore the e?ect on male reproductive phenotypes of X-linkedpolymorphisms, a chromosome thatis depauperate in genes encodingseminalproteins.Using57Xchromosomesubstitutionlines,spermcompetitionwastestedbothwhenthemalesfrom thewild-extractedlinewerethe?rsttomate(“defense”crosses),followedbyatestermale,andwhenextracted-linemaleswere thesecondtomate,afteratestermale(“o?fense”crosses).Wescoredtheproportionofprogenysiredbyeachmale,thefecundity, therematingrateandrefractorinesstoremating,andtestedthesigni?canceofvariationamonglines.Elevencandidategenes werechosenbasedonpreviousstudies,andportionsofthesegenesweresequencedinall57lines.Atotalof131polymorphisms weretestedforassociationswiththereproductivephenotypesusinglinearmodels.Ninepolymorphismsin4geneswerefoundto showsigni?cantassociations(ata5%FDR).Overall,itappearsthattheXchromosomesharborabundantvariationinsperm competition, especially considering the paucity of seminal protein genes. This suggests that much of the male reproductive variationliesoutsideofgenesthatencodeseminalproteins. 1.I