Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma英文文献资料.docVIP

HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofHepatology Volume2012,ArticleID859076,7pages doi:10.1155/2012/859076 ReviewArticle BiomarkersforHepatocellularCarcinoma TaraBehne 1andM.SitkiCopur 1,2 1 2 CollegeofPharmacy,UniversityofNebraskaMedicalCenter,Omaha,NE68198,USA SaintFrancisCancerTreatmentCenter,GrandIsland,NE68803,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoM.SitkiCopur,mcopur@ Received16October2011;Accepted27February2012 AcademicEditor:NeilGuha Copyright?2012T.BehneandM.S.Copur.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and carries a poor survival rate. The management of patients at risk for developing HCC remains challenging. Increased understanding of cancer biology and technological advances have enabled identi?cation of a multitude of pathological, genetic, and molecular events that drive hepatocarcinogenesisleadingtodiscoveryofnumerouspotentialbiomarkersinthisdisease.Theyarecurrentlybeingaggressively evaluated to establish their value in early diagnosis, optimization of therapy, reducing the emergence of new tumors, and preventingtherecurrenceaftersurgicalresectionorlivertransplantation.Thesemarkersnotonlyhelpinpredictionofprognosisor recurrencebutmayalsoassistindecidingappropriatemodalityoftherapyandmayrepresentnovelpotentialtargetsfortherapeutic interventions.Inthispaper,asummaryofmostrelevantavailabledatafrompublishedpapersreportingvarioustissueandserum biomarkersinvolvedinhepatocellularcarcinomawaspresented. 1.Introduction HCC is the ?fth most common malignant tumor and thethirdleadingcauseofcancer-relateddeaths.Worldwide, thereareabout626,000newHCCcasesandnearly600,000 HCC-relateddeathseachyearwithanincidenceequaltothe death rate [1, 2]. Although the molecular mechanisms by whichHCCdevelopsremainlargelyunclear,amultitudeof path