英语科技论文写作方法与教程(南开大学) 英文版课件.ppt

Revising and proofreading Almost all scientific writing is space limited! Avoid generic phrases that contribute no new information: “the fact that...” “it should be noted that...” “it is interesting that...” Common errors to avoid Don’t mix tenses. The use of present or past forms of verbs has a very special meaning in scientific papers. Use tense to show the status of work. Common errors to avoid Use present tense (现在时) when a fact has been published: Several recent reports (2, 3, 6) describe similar findings. This phenomenon determines the absorption coefficient of the tissue (Christensen et al., 1978). Common errors to avoid Use present perfect tense (现在时) for repeated events: Nesting behaviour has been studied under many environmental conditions. These drugs have been shown to produce significant elevations in blood pressure. Common errors to avoid Use past tense (过去时) to discuss results that cannot be generalized: Barber (1980) reported that 28% of the 396 wasps in his study showed signs of parasitism. Some results obtained under specialized conditions and are only relevant to the particular study being reported. Common errors to avoid Use past tense (过去时) for unpublished results: Our data showed that few monarch caterpillars survived. In the study presented here, the drug killed 95% of the M. tuberculosis bacilli. Research being reported for the first time will not be established knowledge until after publication. Common errors to avoid Use present tense (现在式) to refer to figures and tables: Antibodies occurred in 11% of our mice, as Table 1 indicates. See Figure 3, which illustrates the six-fold increase in leukocytes found in the study population. Common errors to avoid Don’t assume the reader is familiar with your research field. Avoid starting sentences with: “As we all know....” “We all know that...” “It is known that...” Common errors to avoid Missing comma after an introductory element: Frankly, we were baffled by the findings. In fact, agricultural