阅读理解专题指导--04 推理判断.ppt

高考英语专题复习 推理判断 【知识链接】 忠于原文，合理推断 推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，但答案的依据一定在原文中，因此在推理过程中一定要忠于原文，在文中寻找并确定可推断的依据，即已知部分——推断的前提，从中推出未知部分——推断的结论。这就要求考生不仅要读懂所涉及的每个句子的意思，推断出它们之间的关系，而且要结合自己的生活常识和经验，通过逻辑推理和判断理解文章的话外之音，言外之意。 做推理判断题时要注意以下几点： 1．选项内容与原文相同，不需要经过推断，这样的选项直接排除。 2．绝对化、扩大化的选项要排除。 3．与文章主基调不相符的结论也要淘汰。 4．推断时要客观，忠于原文，不要受主观意识的影响。 【知识链接】 观点、态度类推断题考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。这类题的选项一般分为三种： 1．中性词，如neutral，indifferent，uninterested等。 2. 褒义词，如positive，supportive，useful，enthusiastic，admiring等。 3．贬义词，如disgusted，critical，negative，disappointed等。 一般作者或文中人物的态度不直接给出，而是隐含在文章的字里行间，需要考生细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的信息，如本文中的fragrant等词句。 【知识链接】 理清写作思路是突破口 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的推断。 防范1　断章取义，以偏概全 【典例】 ...The position was offered at the last minute，and I was given two weeks to prepare，a period I spent searching for briefcase(公文包)and standing before my full-length mirror，repeating the words，“Hello，class. Im Mr.Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came，my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12-year-old boy.... (2012·广东) What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2? What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2? A．He would be aggressive in his first class. B．He was well-prepared for his first class. C．He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class. D．He waited long for the arrival of his first class. 解析　第二段讲述了他为第一节课所作的大量的准备，但通过后两句But when the day eventually came，...but rather a 12-year-old boy.可以看出事实上他并没有准备好，而是开始紧张起来。 答案　C 防范2　推理片面或过度，脱离主旨 【典例】 A Book Review—The Snake-Stone by Berlie Doherty The setting：Urban England(the cities)，but also rural England (the countryside) including remote English villages. The theme：The main theme is a teenage search of self-discovery，in this case the search for a mother from whom the hero was separated at an early age. Its oth