儿科学经典教学课件-生长发育偏离（学生）.pptVIP

OUTLINE Growth deviation Malnutrition (PEM/obesity) Developmental deviation Intellectual disability OUTLINE Growth deviation Malnutrition (PEM/obesity) Developmental deviation Intellectual disability OUTLINE Growth deviation Malnutrition (PEM/obesity) Developmental deviation Intellectual disability Malnutrition a state of nutrition in which a deficiency, excess or imbalance of energy, protein, or other nutrients, including minerals and vitamins, causes measurable adverse effects on body function and clinical outcome. Definition PEM is a disease that develops when protein intake or energy intake, or both, chronically fail to meet the body’s requirement of these nutrients. It is almost always accompanied by deficiencies of other nutrients. China Total Population: 1384.6million Number of undernourished persons: 158.0million Prevalence of undernourishment: 11.4% Clinical classification Results primarily from inadequate energy intake or inadequate intakes of both energy and protein Commonly seen in the first 2 years Clinical classification result primarily from inadequate protein intake Commonly seen from 6mo to 3 years old Clinical classification Prevention Breast feeding promotion Proper weaning Early detection of PEM by growth monitoring Control of most common diseases and other potential diseases Food supplementation programmes Health education Definition Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health Etiology Excessive energy intake Less physical activity others Critical periods for adipose tissue Periods when overfeeding can cause increase in fat cell number 1st year of life Preschool age (adiposity rebound) Pre-puberty pathophysiology Clinical manifestation Commonly seen in infancy,5~6yr old and adolescence Male female Good appetite generalized or localized fat mass accumulation Signs Anthropometric :W,H, Waist Circumference Blood pressure↑ acanthosis nigrica